PYROLA FAMILY 117 
6. C. stolonifera Michx. REp Oster Dogwoop. A shrub 3-15 ft. 
high, with smooth, reddish-purple bark on all the younger twigs; 
spreading by suckers from the base and therefore the stems usually 
clustered. Leaves on rather slender petioles, acute or taper-pointed, 
rounded or tapered at the base ; covered, at least beneath, by very fine, 
closely appressed hairs. Fruit white or nearly so, globose, } in. or 
more in diameter. Common in wet ground, especially N. 
7. C. alternifolia L.f. ALTERNATE-LEAVED Doawoop. A shrub or 
small tree; twigs greenish, striped. Leaves alternate, often clustered 
at the ends of the twigs, long-petioled, oval, acute at the apex and 
often at the base, minutely toothed, pale and covered with fine, ap- 
pressed hairs beneath. Cymes loose and open; flowers white. Fruit 
deep blue. Banks of streams.* 
II. NYSSA L. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire or few- 
toothed. Flowers somewhat moncecious or diccious, the 
staminate in many-flowered heads or cymes, the pistillate in 
small clusters or solitary. Calyx tube 5-toothed or truncate. 
Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5-10. Ovary 1-celled, 
l-ovuled; style long and recurved. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe. 
1. N. sylvatica Marsh. Brack Gum. A tree with widely spread- 
ing branches and dark, rough bark; wood light-colored, very tough ; 
base of trunk often enlarged. Leaves often clustered at the ends of 
the twigs, oval or obovate, taper-pointed or obtuse at the apex, entire, 
smooth and shining above, downy beneath, becoming bright red in 
autumn. Staminate flowers in heads; pistillate flowers 3-10, in a 
long-peduncled cluster. Fruit ovoid, dark blue or nearly black, } in. 
long; stone slightly ridged. In rich, wet soil S. and E.* 
2. N. aquatica L. Tupezo. A large tree, similar to the preceding. 
Leaves long-petioled, oval or ovate, acute at each end, entire or 
coarsely toothed, the lower sometimes heart-shaped, smooth above, 
downy beneath, 4-8 in. long. Staminate flowers in heads; pistillate 
flowers on long peduncles, solitary. Fruit ovoid, dark blue; stone 
sharply ridged. In swamps S. and E.* 
75. PYROLACEZA. Pyroita FamILy 
Perennial herbs, evergreen or else pale and without chlo- 
rophyll. Petals usually free from each other and falling off 
separately after flowering. Stamens hypogynous, the anthers 
