190 KEY AND FLORA 
into a short stalk at the base, finely serrate, smooth above, velvety- 
downy beneath. Calyx of the pistillate flowers persistent. Key 14- 
2 in. long, the wing somewhat extended along the sides, oblanceolate 
or spatulate, often notched. Swamps and moist soil.* 
3. F. caroliniana Mill. Water Asu. A small tree; wood soft, 
light, and weak; twigs smooth or downy. Leaflets 5-7, ovate or ellip- 
tical, acute at the apex, acute or obtuse at the base, entire or slightly 
serrate, smooth or slightly downy, stalked. Flowers dicecious. Calyx 
persistent. Key often 3-angled or 3-winged, wings running nearly to 
the base, oblong or oval, pinnately veined. In swamps and wet soil.* 
4. F. quadrangulata Michx. BLuE Asu. A large tree, with wood 
heavy, but not as tough as No.1; the most vigorous twigs usually 
square. Leaflets 7-9, with short stalks, somewhat ovate or lanceolate, 
acute, sharply serrate. Fruit winged to the base, of nearly the same 
width throughout, narrowly oblong. Rich woods, especially W. 
II. FORSYTHIA Vahl. 
Shrubs. Leaves opposite or in threes, appearing later than 
the flowers, serrate. Calyx very short, deciduous. Corolla yel- 
low, bell-shaped, its lobes long and slender. Stamens inserted 
on the base of the corolla tube. Pod 2-celled, many-seeded. 
1. F. viridissima Lind]. A hardy shrub, with branches erect or 
nearly so. Leaves all simple, lance-oblong. Calyx lobes half as long as 
the tube of the corolla. Lobes of the corolla spreading, narrow-oblong. 
Style equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Cultivated from Asia. 
2. F. suspensa Vahl. A hardy shrub, with drooping branches. 
Leaves broadly ovate, often some of them with 3 leaflets, the lateral 
leaflets small. Lobes of the corolla longer, broader, and more spread- 
ing than in No. 1. Style shorter than the tube of-the corolla. Culti- 
vated from Asia. Less comnion than No.1; often trained over porches 
and arbors. 
Ill. SYRINGA L. 
Tall shrubs, forking frequently, from the failure of the ter- 
minal buds on most branches. Leaves simple, entire. Flowers 
in close, compound panicles. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla salver- 
shaped, the tube long, the limb 4-lobed. Pod dry, flattened at 
right angles to the partition, 4-seeded. 
1. S. vulgaris L. Common Litac. A strong-growing, hardy bush. 
Leaves ovate, somewhat heart-shaped. Flowers sweet-scented, in very 
close, large clusters, lilac or white. Corolla lobes concave. Very com 
monly cultivated from eastern Europe. 
