208 KEY AND FLORA 
somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens 4 (2 long and 2 short), rarely 
only 2, included. Ovary 2-4-celled, 2-4-ovuled; style slen- 
der, 2-lobed. Fruit 2-4 smooth or roughened, 1-seeded nut- 
lets. [Several of the commonest species are tall, coarse herbs, 
which blossom too late for school study. ]* 
1. V. officinalis L. European Verrvarn. Annual; stem erect, 
slender, nearly or quite smooth, branching, 1-8 ft. high. Leaves 
ovate to obovate in outline, pinnately lobed or divided, narrowed and 
entire toward the base, downy beneath; petioles margined. Spikes 
several, very slender; flowers small, purple; bracts shorter than the 
calyx. In fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe.* 
2. V. angustifolia Michx. Narrow-LeavepD VERVAIN. Peren- 
nial, rough-hairy; stem simple, or branched below, from a creeping 
base, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, obtuse arid toothed 
at the apex, tapering to a sessile base. Spike peduncled, slender, 
close-flowered; bracts about the length of the calyx. Corolla purple, 
tube slightly curved, } in. long. In dry, open woods.* 
3. V. bracteosa Michx. Perennial; widely spreading or decumbent, 
hairy; stems 6-15 in. long, 4-sided, branching from the base. Leaves 
wedge-lanceolate, 3-cleft or pinnately cut, short-petioled. Spikes ses- 
sile, stout, with large bracts, the lower ones pinnately cut and longer 
than the flowers. Flowers small, purple. On prairies and waste ground. 
4. V. bipinnatifida Nutt. Perennial; plant rough-hairy, producing 
suckers, erect, 6-18 in. high. Leaves with petioles, or the upper ones 
sessile, once or twice pinnately parted into oblong or linear divisions. 
Spikes stout, dense and solitary at the ends of the branches; bracts 
usually longer than the calyx. Corolla bluish-purple or lilac, less 
than 4 in. in diameter. Dry plains and prairies W. and S. 
5. V. canadensis Britton. Witp VrerBena. A slender-stemmed, 
somewhat reclining annual, 1 ft. or less in height. Leaves ovate or 
nearly so, wedge-shaped at the base, lobed and toothed or 3-cleft. 
Flowers showy, reddish-purple or lilac (seldom white), in a peduncled 
spike. Calyx teeth as long as or longer than the bracts. Corolla very 
slightly bearded in the throat. In dry prairie soi] and open woods; 
also cultivated. [Other somewhat similar cultivated species are from 
Brazil. ] 
II. CALLICARPA L. 
Shrubs. Leaves simple, petioled, opposite or whorled, glan- 
dular-dotted. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx 4-toothed or 
entire. Corolla funnelform, 4-cleft, actinomorphic. Stamens 
4, equal, projecting. Ovary 4-ovuled; style slender; stigma 
knobbed. Fruit a 1-4-seeded berry.* 
