54 THE SHEEP AND ITS COUSINS 



umber or umbre. The rams carry massive horns 

 very like those of the mouflon, but the coat is 

 woolly in both sexes. 



In the year 1882 Dr. T. Studer, of Bern, 

 discovered in the lake-dwellings, or Pfahlbauten, of 

 Lake Bieler, the frontlet and horn-cores of a sheep 

 which appears to have been closely allied to the 

 umber, and is regarded by Dr. J. U. Duerst,^ who 

 gave it the name of Ovis aries studeri, as repre- 

 senting a domesticated breed derived either directly 

 from tamed mouflon, or from a cross between that 

 species and domesticated sheep. In its massive 

 horns this sheep of the Copper Age, as it is called 

 by its describer, is widely different from the turbary 

 sheep, which, as mentioned in a later chapter, was 

 the ordinary breed of the Pfahlbauten, and had 

 relatively small and frequently upright horns. 

 Remains of sheep of the same general type have 

 also been obtained from North Germany, from Brid- 

 lington, Yorkshire, and from the bed of the Thames 

 at London Wall. To one of these sheep from the 

 bed of the Thames, Mr. J. E. Millais* has given 

 the name O. aries corneri, although there is no 

 proof that it is distinct from O. a. studeri, which, 

 as being a tame breed, does not really require; a 

 technical name. 



• " Ueber ein neues, prahistorisches Hausschaf {flvis aries 

 studeri)," Vierteljahrsschrift natfor. Ges. Zurich, vol. xlix. p. 17, 

 1904. 



* Mammals of the British Islands, vol. iii. p. 212, London, 1906. 



