THE TURBARY OR BUNDNER SHEEP 147 



shown by Messrs. Duerst and Gaillard,* and subse- 

 quently by the latter writer alone,* to be quite 

 untenable, the African species being altogether 

 unlike any of the breeds of domesticated sheep. 

 Further observations on this point are recorded 

 later on in the present chapter. 



On the other hand, Dr. Duerst' has adduced 

 evidence to show that the turbary sheep is a 

 domesticated derivative from the wild urial of the 

 Kopet-Dagh (O. vignei arkal), described in the 

 thirteenth chapter. Excavations undertaken by 

 Dr. R. Pumpelly on the site of the city of Anau, on 

 the Turkestan side of the foot of the Kopet-Dagh, 

 have yielded in the lower layers remains referred 

 by Dr. Duerst to the wild urial ; next come others 

 of a transitional type ; while in the higher strata are 

 found skulls with a much lighter type of horn, 

 characterised by the greater development of honey- 

 combed structure in the interior, which are iden- 

 tified with the turbary sheep. As a few feet of 

 the strata represent centuries, there was, in the 

 opinion of Dr. Duerst, abundance of time for the 

 modification of the wild, thick-horned and short- 

 tailed urial of the Kopet-Dagh into the tame, thin- 



• In Musperv's Recueil des Travaux relatives d la Philologie 

 el il r ArcMologie hgyptiennes el Assyriennes, Zurich, 1901. 



» Ofi. cit. 



" " Animal Remains from the Excavations of Anau," in Pumpelly's 

 Explorations in Turkestan, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 

 vol. ii. p. 373, 1908. 



