WILD SHEEP OF ASIA AND AMERICA 265 



are those of the head represented in pi. xx. fig. i, 

 which is from a ram shot by Major G. Dodd in 

 Waziristan. The horns measure 41^^ inches along 

 the curve, and display very distinctly the beaded 

 character of the front outer angle so frequently 

 seen in the horns of this race. 



The true urial (O. v. cycloceros) of the Salt Range 

 and other hills of the Cis- Indus districts of the 

 Punjab appears to be a smaller and redder animal 

 than either of the preceding, with the horns forming 

 a very close spiral, and showing no tendency to 

 turn out at the tips, while their front angles are 

 not prominent, and the anterior one is often more 

 or less rounded off. The record horn-length for 

 this race appears to be 39 inches. 



The arkal sheep of the Ust-Urt Plateau of 

 the Turkoman country, lying to the west of Lake 

 Aral, was described as a distinct species, under 

 the name of Ovis arkal, but as it can scarcely be 

 regarded as anything more than a local race of 

 the urial, it is better known as O. vignei arkal. 

 The sheep inhabiting the northern flank of the 

 Elburz Range of Persia and the Kopet Dagh, 

 which divides Persia from Turkestan, do not appear 

 even racially distinct from the arkal, although it 

 has been proposed to regard them as representing 

 a distinct race, under the name of O. v. varentzowi} 

 The arkal is specially characterised by the breadth 



* Satunin, Mitteil. Kaukas. Mus., vol. ii. p. 175, 1906. 



