ILLUSTRATIONS 



I. Brush-piling after CnTTiNQ and before Burning Frontispiece 



II. Old Burns, Yahk Range, West of Goatfell, B.C 4 



Fire Danger and Damage Adjacent to Sawmill and Railway. 4 



III. Right-of-Way in Southeastern Manitoba badly in need of 



Clearing 12 



Right-of-way in Southeastern Manitoba fairly well Cleared 12 



IV. Old Burn, not Restocking, adjacent to Railway Track 16 



V. Gang clearing Right-of-way .27 



Grand Trunk Pacific . Right-of-way 114 miles East of Prince 



Rupert 27 



VI. Railway Right-of-way previous to Clearing . 35 



A Winter Forest Camp in Northern Ontario. 35 



VII. The Effect OF Fire on Xo.N'-AoRicuLTURAL Mountain Lands 41 



VIII. Brush-disposal in Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming 44 



IX Brush Piled in Main Log Road after Hauling, was Completed. 47 



X . Logged-over Area after being Slash-burned . 55 



XI An Unlopped Spruce Top 60 



Top Properly Loppped, Recent Cutting . .60 



XII. Remnants of Two large Spruce Tops 66 



Unlopped Tops, Little Tupper Lake, Whitney Tract . 66 



XIII Result of Fire op May 20, 1911, in pile of Lopped Tops 69 



Lopped Brush Piling and Skidway of Pulpwood . . 69 



XI\' Recent Cutting on Santa Clara Lumber Co.'s Tract 72 



XV Unlopped Top, 21 years after Cutting for Lumber 80 



Unlopped Top, Fourteen Years after Lumbering 80 



XVI. Windfall on Cutting to Ten-inch Diameter Limit 85 



XVII. Oil and Coal Burning Railways in Canada and United States — 



Map 93 



XVIII. Scotch Pine and Jack Pine Plantation on Blow-sand Formation 116 



XIX. Cottonwood AS A Fuel Producer 129 



Windbreak of Cottonwood 12 Years Old 129 



XX. Maples along C.P R. Right-of-way, to Protect Track from 



Dhiptinq Snow . . 131 



Willows along Riqht-op-Way on the Prairies 131 



XXI. A Pine Xursbrt ."lt the Norfolk Forest St.\tiii\ 132 



XXII. Elbven-ybar-old Scotch Pine Plantation, New York .State La.vd.s 135 

 Scotch Pine Plantation, Axton, Adirondack Preserve 135 



XXIII. The Result of Repeated Forest Fires, Northern Ontario i.ib 



