SUDBURY— PORT ARTHUR DISTRICT 157 



Pogma station to Woman river, a distance of some 60 miles. Five 

 years later this same territory was burned over again in a larger fire 

 which swept the country from the headwaters of the Mississaga and 

 Spanish rivers northward between Matagaming and Pishkanogama 

 lakes to Flying Post. Much of this area was covered with white and 

 red pine. West of this again, and north from Ridout to Chapleau, 

 the fire has run back a long way destroying much white and jack 

 pine. From east of Pardee to Wiadermere lakes the bum extends 

 northeastward at least 15 miles. Other known bums are indicated 

 on the map. From Heron bay westward the country is very rough ; 

 it bears a growth of dwarf spruce, and is badly burned ; the rivers 

 are short and drivable for only a brief time in the spring. - 



South and west from the railway, owing to the prevaUing wind 

 direction, the fires have not burned over as large areas. From Dalton 

 to Grassett southwestward, however, the coimtry has been badly 

 burned. Outside of the birch-poplar types resulting from fire, of 

 some tamarack swamps that have escaped the saw-fly, and of some 

 scattering white and red pine groves, the whole region is distinctly a 

 spruce-jack pine tjrpe, the spruce occupying the muskegs and swampy 

 flats, the jack pine the sandy plains and rocky ridges. The wooded 

 areas, however, occur only in patches here and there. The trees in 

 many places have attained a size suited for pulpwood and ties. In the 

 eastern half of this territory from Woman river east, some white 

 pine operations are still in existence, notably on Biscotasing waters and 

 eastward to Onaping lake. The mills to be found along the railway 

 manufacture approximately a total of 10 million feet of pine and a 

 quarter million ties. 



The sparse settlement is confined entirely to the railway line, 

 the majority 6f the people dependent upon employment with the 

 railway company. Outside of some low wet farms for some 25 miles 

 west from Sudbury and scattered patches along the Lake Superior 

 portion of the railway, absolutely no attempts to farm are to be seen. 



(2) FROM SUDBURY TO SAULT STE. MARIE 



The territory from Sudbury west to Sault Ste. Marie is very 

 difiEerent, for here the white pine type prevails — ^the western end of the 

 Canadian commercial pinery. The whole region has been under 

 license, and never having been as heavily timbered as the Ottawa 

 valley, is now pretty thoroughly culled. In consequence it is to-day 

 a mixed forest of white and red pine and hardwoods. Along the 

 railway are scattered farms with a considerable farming district from 

 lake George eastward to White River. 



