184 MANUAL OF TREE DISEASES 



Red-Beown Sapwood-Rot 



Caused by Fames pinicola Fries 



Hemlock is sometimes affected by this sapwood-rot. It 

 occurs also in spruce, pine, & and larch. Coniferous wood of 

 all kinds is destroyed by the fungus causing this rot, and the 

 sporophores are very abundant on fallen logs and dead stand- 

 ing trees. The wood is reduced to a red-brown powdery mass 

 held together by numerous plates of myceliiun. The sporo- 

 phores have a red varnished margin and a cream-colored under 

 surface. Further details concerning this wood-rot will be 

 found under fir diseases, page 165. 



Stkingy Red-Brown Heartwood-Rot 



Caused by Echinodontium iinctorium Ellis and Everhart 



The western hemlock is destructively affected by this heart- 

 wood-rot. Firs and spruce are also commonly decayed by the 

 same fungus. In the first stage of decay, the wood is discolored 

 and spongy. The wood then becomes red-brown and the 

 spring- wood of the annual ring is dissolved, leaving the summer- 

 wood in separated cylinders one inside of the other. Later 

 these sheets of summer-wood are destroyed and the tree be- 

 comes hollow. For further details concerning this heartwood- 

 rot, see under fir diseases, page 166. 



Brown Pocket Heaetwood-Rot 



Caused by Fames raseus Fries 



The eastern and western hemlock are sometimes affected 

 by this heartwood-rot, which is also found in juniper, fir, larch, 

 spruce, pine and occasionally in arbor-vitse. It occurs prac- 

 tically throughout the entire country wherever conifers are 

 important forest-trees. Long, cylindrical and pointed pockets 



