198 MANUAL OP TREE DISEASES 



produced on the small twigs of the red juniper. When very 

 young, the galls can be seen to start as outgrowths of the juniper 

 leaves (Fig. 31). The tissues of the leaf are stimulated to ovei^ 

 growth and finally form, in a single season, the large cedar- 

 apples, which are often an inch in diameter (Fig. 32). In this 



Fig. 33. — Cedar-apple in spring of second year, 

 showing expanded spore-horns. 



condition they pass the winter, and the following spring brown 

 horns of spores are pushed out from the surface of the cedar- 

 apples (Fig. 33). In the former species these horns are about 

 one inch long and cylindrical, while in the latter fungus they 

 are about one-half inch long and are flattened or wedge-shaped. 



