AUSTERE PURITAN GARDENS 95 



use of such books, Latin and French, as he had, and 

 the liberty of a private walk in his garden, and so 

 gave no offence." 



But even a garden wherein nothing bloomed that 

 did not serve a useful purpose, might contain many- 

 sweet and pleasant flowers. Marigolds for the stew- 

 pot, feverfew to cool "agues that burn," lavender to 

 lay among the linens, barberries for preserves, com- 

 frey to heal rasped throats, mallows (hollyhocks), 

 winter savory, thyme, pennyroyal, rue, rosemary, fen- 

 nel, anise, coriander — all these and more — and roses, 

 roses, roses for distilling into waters and flavorings. 

 With all its fragrant smells surely a very pleasant 

 place to wander I ^ 



That this garden of Governor Winthrop's was not 

 developed according to any fixed design is even more 

 certain than the nature of the flowers within it. 

 None of the Puritan gardens were, for the reasons al- 

 ready named; and for the additional reason, to a man 

 of Winthrop's position, that they would have sug- 

 gested, through association, the old ritual and the 

 ones who practiced it. The formal and elegant in 

 whatsoever branch were necessarily associated with 

 the church of the State; so even if the stem asceticism 

 of their religion had not forbidden indulgence in such 

 unseemly fol-de-rols, prejudice would. Winthrop, 

 who reprimands the Deputy-governor Dudley sharply 



