IQO OLD-FASHIONED GARDENING 



uncertain; but the attempt was made in Kent County, 

 Maryland, some time during the eighteenth century. 

 Turf was cut and laid on edge in two rows, probably 

 from eighteen to twenty-four inches apart; the space 

 between this uncertain retaining medium was then 

 filled with "scooped up earth." Not a very sound 

 construction, surely; and no wonder the sheep and cat- 

 tle trampling it at the bottom affected it so that the 

 rain did the rest — and such "walls" were abandoned. 



A wall of turf is a perfectly practical undertaking, 

 however, providing the sod is laid as brick, from the 

 bottom up ; and laid flat, not on edge. But English 

 mud walls were not made in this way ; they were truly 

 of mud, only it was mud mixed with hay or straw and 

 called "daub." This forms a very substantial and 

 durable structure, almost equal to brick. 



The stately Pennsbury had its "yards fenced in," 

 if Ralph, the gardener, hearkened to his master — with 

 "doors to them." And the round pales which so little 

 pleased good William Penn evidently were the ban- 

 isters which, with a rail, he wished to have guard both 

 fronts of his house. Probably these inclosed a space 

 of smooth greensward upon which one stepped out 

 from either door, serving the purpose of a terrace. 



The commonest inclosure for the wider areas, when 

 they finally came to inclose them about the middle of 

 the eighteenth century probably, was a hedgerow. 



