viPEEiDa:. 463 



■of chin-shields, anterior longer than broad and in contact -with four 

 labials. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals a little enlarged. Anal entire ; 

 snbcaudals 51. Above wood-brown, with irregular narrow dark 

 cross-bars interrupted on the spine; upper labials dark-edged; lower 

 parts with squarish light-edged black spots. 

 Hong Kong (?). 



2. Pseudopareas atypicus. 



Leptognathus atypicus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 65. 



Eostral subtriangular ; frontal and parietals broad and short ; a 

 subquadrate loreal ; no preeocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 

 2-1-3; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; first 

 lower labial in contact with its fellow behind the symphysial ; four 

 pairs of chin-shields, all except the first broader than long. Scales 

 in 15 rows, equal. Colour pale, with black transverse spots, which 

 are wide anteriorly and become gradually narrower posteriorly, 

 •where their lateral ends are broken off and alternate with the dorsal 

 portion; a few small blotches on the ends of the ventrals. 



Total length 243 miUim. ; tail 47. 



Andes of Peru. 



Fam. 9. VIPERID.ai. 



Holochalina, part., J. Milller, Zeitschr.f. Physiol, iv. p. 270, 18.31. 

 ViperidsB, Bonaparte, Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) ii. p. 893, 1840. 

 Thanatophides, Dumiril Sf Bibron, Erp. 06n. vi. p. 70, 1844. 

 Viperina, part., Oray, Cat. Snakes, p. 3, 1849. 

 Sol^noglyphes, DumSril, Mim. Ac. So. xxiii. p. 523, 1858 ; Dumeril 



^ Bibron, Erp. Gin. vii. p. 1359, 1854. 

 Eurystoraata lobola, part., Stannius, Zoot. Amph. p. 6, 1856. 

 Viperid», Cope, P-oc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p. 838. 

 Viperiformea, Oiitither, Sept. Brit. Ind. p. 383, 1864. 

 Solenoglypha, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 231. 

 ViperidsB, Bovlmger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 417, 1890. 



Facial bones movable ; praefrontal not in contact with nasal ; 

 ectopterygoid (transpalatine) present, extending to mandible ; supra^ 

 temporal present, attached scale-like to the skull and suspending 

 quadrate ; maxillary much abbreviated, erectile perpendicularly to 

 ectopterygoid, supporting a pair of large poison-fangs without 

 external groove. Mandible without coronoid bone. Hypapophyses 

 developed throughout the vertebral column. 



Poisonous. — All except Atraetaspis are ovoviviparous. 



This family includes terrestrial, semiaquatio, arboreal, and 

 burrowing types. In the Crotalines, the passage from terrestrial 

 to arboreal species is so gradual as to preclude their being referred 

 to distinct genera. 



Europe, Asia, Africa (absent from Madagascar), America. 



