482 TIFEEID^. 



Coluber redi, Qmel. 8. iV. i. p. 1091 (1789). 



charasii, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 879 (1802). 



Vipera vulgaris, Latr. JRept. iii. p. 212 (1802). 



ocellata, Latr. t. c. p. 292 ; Baud. Rept. vi. p. 140, pi. Ixxii. 



fig. 2 (1803). 



chersea (non L.), Latr. t. c. p. 297 ; Baud. t. c. p. 144 ; Metaxa, 



Man. Serp. Horn. p. 43 (1823) ; Bendiscioli, Giorn. Fk. Star. Nat. 

 (2) ix. 1826, p. 429. 



redi, Latr. t. c. p. 304 ; Baud. t. v. p. 152 ; Metaxa. I. c. p. 42 ; 



Bendiscioli, I. c. p. 428 ; Lenz, ScMangmk. p. 332 (1832) ; Schaefer, 

 Moselfaun. p. 263 (1844) ; Meisn. Mus. Nat. Helv. p. 90, pis. i. 

 fig. 3," & ii. fig. 1 (1820), and in Wyder, Serp. Suisse, p. 17, pl. i. 

 fig. 3, & ii. fig. 1 (1823). 



— — berus {non L.), Meisn. II. cc. pp. 89, 17, pl. i. figs. 1 & 2 ; 

 Metaxa, I. c. p. 42 ; Bendiscioli, I. e. p. 424 ; Gu^. Icon. H. A., 

 Bept. pl. xxiii. fig. 1 (1844). 



atra, Meisn. II. cc. pp. 93, 18, pl. ii. fig. 2. 



prester {non L.), Meisn. II. cc. pp. 93, 1 8, pl. ii. fig. 3 ; Metaxa, 



I. c. p. 43. 



aspis, Merr. Tent. p. 151 (1820) ; Metaxa, I. c. p. 42 ; Bendi- 

 scioli, I. c. p. 426; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital., Anf. (1834); Schleg. 

 Phys. Serp. ii. p. 599, pl. xxi. figs. 16-18 (1837) ; Gray, Cat. p. 30 

 (1849) ; Bum. 8r Bibr. vii. p. 1406, pl. Ixxix. b. fig. 3 (1854) ; 

 Soubeiran, Be la Vipere, p. 31 (1855) ; Be Betta, Erp. Ven. p. 238 

 (1857) ; Soubeiran, Bull. Soc. Acclim. x. 1863, p. 397 ; Viaud- 

 Grandm. Serp. Vend. p. 30 (1867") ; Strauch, Syn. Viper, p. 65 

 (1869) ; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 220 (1872) ; Jan, Icon. Ght. 45, 

 pl. iii. figs. 2-7 (1874) ; Be Betta, Faun. Ital, Rett. Anf. p. 54 

 (1874); Lataste, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. 1875, (3) x. CB. p. xxi; 

 Schrieb. Serp. Fur. p. 193 (1875) ; Lataste, Serp. Gironde, 

 p. 166, pl. viii. fig. 7 (1876) ; F. Miill. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, 

 vi. 1877, p. 415, & 1878, p. 695, pl. iii. fig. B ; Be Betta, Atti 

 1st. Ven. (5) v. 1879, p. 399, and vi. 1880, p. 379 ; Tournev. 

 Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1881, p. 53 ; F. Mull. op. cit. vii. 1883, 

 p. 153 ; Be Betta, Atti 1st. Ven. (7) i. 1883, p. 936 ; Leydig, Abh. 

 Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 192 ; F. Miill. op. cit. vii. 1884, p. 300, 

 & 1885, p. 692 ; Blum, Abh. Senck. Ges. xv. 1888, p. 128, and 

 Zool. Gart. 1892, pp. 12 & 265 ; Balla Torre, Progr. Gymn. Innsbr. 

 1891, p. 12; Bedriaga, CR. Congr. Int. Zool. 1892, i. p. 241; 

 Burigen, Beutschl. Rept. u. Amph. p. 360, pl. x. fig. 1 (1894). 



communis. Millet, Faune Maine et Loire, ii. p. 646, pl. v. fig. 1 



(1828) ; Mauduyt, Serp. Vienne, p. 33 (1844). 



hugyi, Schinz, Nat. Rept. p. 179, pl. Ixxviii. fig. 2 (1833). 



beruSj subsp. aspis, Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Viper, p. 41, 



pl. i. figs. 1-7, 22-32 (1888) ; Mina-Palumbo, Nat. Sicil. xi. 1892, 

 p. 119 ; Caruccio, Boll. Soc. Rom. Zool. iii. 1894, p. 77. 



Snout flat above,, more or less distinctly turned up at the end, 

 with sharp, not or but very feebly raised canthus ; vertical diameter 

 of the eye nearly equal to its distance from the mouth ; supraocular 

 region more or less slanting forwards, the posterior border of the 

 supraocular usually not extending beyond the vertical of the 

 posterior border of the eye. Eostral usually deeper than broad, its 

 width -f to I its depth, extending to the upper edge of the snout ; two 

 or three apical shields ; upper surface of head usually covered with 

 small, subimbricate, smooth or feebly keeled scales, in 4 to 7 series 

 between the supraoculars ; frontal and parietal shields usually absent, 



