504 VIPEKID^. 



unequal or subequal scales above, 9 to 13 across from eye to eye ; 

 mo " horns " ; 9 to 14 scales round the eye ; 3 or 4 series of scales 

 between the eye and the labials ; nostril between two small shields, 

 separated from their fellows by 5 or 6 series of scales and from the 

 rostral by one or two ; 10 to 12 upper labials ; three lower labials 

 in contact with the chia-shields. Scales in 23-27 rows. Ventrals 

 102-122, rather strongly keeled laterally ; anal entire ; subcaudals 

 18-26, small, and often more or less distinctly keeled. Yellowish, 

 pale brown, or reddish above, with or without darker spots ; end 

 of tail often black ; lower parts white. 



Total length 340 miUim. ; tail 30. 



Northern border of the Sahara, from Algeria to Egypt. 



a-bl (S (Sc. 23 ; V. 107 ; Duirat, S. Tunisia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.], 



C. 23) & ? (Sc. 23; 



V. 117; 0.22). 

 c, d, e. S (Sc. 25, 25 ; V. Tripoli. T. Ritchie, Esq. [P.]. 



106, 102 ; 0. 22, 22) (Type of C. ritchiei.) 



& 2 (Sc. 25; V.109; 



C. 19). 

 /. c? (Sc. 25 ; V. 119 ; Gizeh, Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. 



C.22). 

 a. c? (Sc. 25; V. Ill; Abu Eoaah, Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. 



0. 23). 

 A. 6 (Sc. 27 ; V. 117 ; Beni Ha8san,Egypt. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. 



C. 26). 

 z-l. (J (Sc. 24; V. 107 ; Desert coast "W. of Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. 



0. 25) & $ (Sc. 23, Suez Canal. 



25; V. 110, 112; C. 

 21, 22). 



7. ECHIS. 



Pseudoboa, part., Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 281 (1801). 



Scytale, part., Baud. Hist. Rept. p. 834 (1803). 



Echis, part., Merr. Tent. Syst. Amph. p. 149 (1820) ; Jan, Elenco 



sist. Ofid. p. 122 (1863). 

 Echis, Wagl. St/st. Amph. p. 177 (1830) ; Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 70 



(1842), and Cat. 8n. p. 29 (1849) ; Bum. ^ Bibr. Erp. Q(n. vii. 



p. 1447 (1854) ; GiXnth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 396 (1864) ; Strauch, 



8yn. Viper, p. 116 (1869) ; Boidenff. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 421 



(1890), and Trans. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 155. 

 Vipera, part., Schley. Fhys. Serp. ii. p. 573 (1837). 

 Toxicoa, Gray, Cat. p. 29. 



Head very distinct from neck, covered with small imbricate 

 scales ; eye moderate, with vertical pupil, separated from the 

 labials by small scales ; nostril directed upwards and outwards, in 

 a single or divided nasal. Body cylindrical ; scales keeled, with 

 apical pits, in 27-37 rows ; dorsal scales forming straight longitu- 

 dinal series ; lateral scales smaller, oblique, pointing downwards, 

 with serrated keels ; ventrals rounded. Tail . short ; subcaudals 

 single. 



Africa north of the Equator, Southern Asia. 



