120 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



again in January, igoo. It is a forested region, with extensive clear- 

 ings and open grass-lands. 



Palenqne.-^A. cattle-estate on the Rio Manzanares, about midway 

 between Bonda and Mamatoco, with an altitude of about 150 feet, in 

 a region of " dry forest " and clearings. The name appears on a few 

 of Mr. Smith's labels for birds taken in March, 1899. 



Palomina. — An Indian village on. the north slope of the Sierra 

 Nevada, said to be situated on or near the river of the same name. 

 Its exact position appears not to be known, no white man having ever 

 visited it. Mr. Brown did not collect there in person, his specimens 

 so labelled having been obtained for him by an " intelligent Indian 

 trader." He adds that it is "two days' travel on foot east [north] 

 from Pueblo Viejo," and that it is "said to be situated in a fertile 

 valley by a fine stream and surrounded by high peaks." The altitude 

 he gives for it is 5,000 feet, but this is of course merely conjectural 

 under the circumstances, although it is to be rioted fhat both Tropical 

 and Subtropical Zone representative forms are included in the list of 

 those recorded from this point. 



Paramo de Chiruqua. — The enormous paramo lying at the head- 

 waters of the Macotama River, and extending up to snow-line on the 

 northeast side of the eastern Snow Peak. It has much level and 

 gently sloping land, an "abundant water-supply and more than the 

 usual amount of stunted trees, shrubs, and bushes, as well as an abun- 

 dance of grass right up to the snow-line, which is at an altitude of 

 16,000 feet, more or less, being higher in the dry season and lower 

 during October and November, when it doubtless drops down to 

 15,000 feet for short periods. The real snow-line is well marked, 

 however, there being not a spear of grass or vegetation of any sort 

 above it, only bare rock and earth, but mostly rock. At 15,000 feet is 

 the beautiful Lake Macotama, almost completely surrounded by naked 

 pinnacles of rock rising to a height of from 1,000 to 1,400 feet above 

 the lake. The lake itself is in the form of a third of a circle, about a 

 mile long and nearly half a mile wide in places, with icy cold, crystal- 

 clear water of a profound depth, giving it the most beautiful blue 

 color. The Alpine lakes may be very picturesque, but it is doubt- 

 ful if any can surpass this one in beauty of setting! A thousand feet 

 above this lake is a smaller, shallow lake, which may be called Summit 

 Lake. This lake is fed by the melting snow frorii the mountain above, 



