Todd-Carriker : Birds of Santa Marta Region, Colombia. 373 



Five specimens : Cincinnati and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 

 (8,000 feet). 



Mr. Smith was the first collector to meet with this species in the 

 Santa Marta region, securing five specimens at Valparaiso (Cincin- 

 nati) in April, 1899. These were duly described as a new species 

 of Octhceca by Dr. Allen,- and it was not until 1913 that Mr. Hellmayr, 

 after an examination of the type, discovered that they were the same 

 as Tyranniscus improbus of Sclater and Salvin, a species described 

 from Merida, Venezuela, and soon afterward traced to the Andes of 

 Colombia. The specimens above recorded agree well with examples 

 from both of these regions in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. 

 As in other species of this genus, there is a sexual difference in size 

 of considerable amount. The nearest ally of the species would seem 

 to be Tyranniscus petersi von Berlepsch of Venezuela. 



Two females of this species were taken on the north spur of the 

 Sierra Nevada next to the San Lorenzo, at about 8,000 feet, and three 

 males at Cincinnati, near which place also all of Mr. Smith's speci- 

 mens were secured. All were found in the heavy forest, rather high 

 up. The species seems to belong to the Subtropical Zone. 



334. Tyrannulus elatus panamensis Thayer and Bangs. 



Tyrannulus elatus (not Sylvia elata Latham) Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 



Hist, XIII, 1900, 148 (Bonda). 

 Tyrannulus elatus reguloides (not of Ridgway, 1888) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. 



Nat. Mus., No. 50, IV, 1907, 794 (Bonda; meas. ; crit. ; references). 



Three specimens : Mamatoco, Don Diego, and Dibulla. 



After having examined, in connection with the above, a series' of 

 twenty-four specimens, including the type of T. reguloides and one 

 other Brazilian skin, two other specimens from northern Colombia, 

 two topotypes of T. reguloides panamensis, the Cayenne skin handled 

 by Mr. Ridgway, ten additional authentic Cayenne specimens, two from 

 " Guiana," and five " Bogota " skins, we have reached the following 

 conclusions. First, reguloides is not a valid race, the name having 

 been based on an imperfect specimen, probably a female, which was 

 compared with a Cayenne skin which looks as if it had been long ex- 

 posed to the light. The series now available from Cayenne, as well as 

 the two Guiana specimens, are indistinguishable from an authentic 

 Brazilian specimen from near the falls of the Rio Purus, nor can 

 these be distinguished in turn from the " Bogota " skins. 



