Todd-Carriker : Birds of Santa Marta Region, Colombia. 431 



mediate. With so much seasonal variation thus obtaining, it is neces- 

 sary to use caution in comparing series for geographic variation. 

 Some of the Santa Marta specimens, indeed, are very close to examples 

 of P. f. acuticauda from the Orinoco region of Venezuela, No. 38,164 

 (September i) is a young bird in postjuvenal moult. It is very pale 

 below and more brownish above (the crown especially) than the adult, 

 while the edgings of the remiges and rectrices are brighter green. 



This species is even more strictly a bird of the lower Tropical Zone 

 than its cousin P. aurantiifrons aurantiifrons, since it does not range 

 higher up than 1,00.0 feet, and, indeed, is rarely seen above 500 feet. 

 It prefers the more open woodland, shrubbery along the streams, and 

 like situations, going about in pairs as a rule, and often in the com- 

 pany of other small birds of similar tastes and habits. 



393. Lanivireo flavifrons (Vieillot). 



Vireosylvia flavifrons Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, 118 (Minca). 



Vireo flavifrons Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1881, 194 



(Minca, in range). — Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1900, 173 



(Onaca).^ — -Allen, Auk, XVII, 1900, 366 (Onaca; Minca, ex Salvin and 



Godman). 

 Lanivireo flavifrons Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, III, 1904, 163 



(Minca and Onaca, in range). 



This vireo appears to be of only casual occurrence in Colombia as 

 a winter visitant, its migration ordinarily not extending beyond Pan- 

 ama. Simons shot a specimen at Minca on February 13, 1879, and 

 Mr. Smith sent back a single specimen also, taken at Onaca on De- 

 cember 28, 1898. 



394. Vireosylva josephae mirandse (Hartert). 



Vireo josepha (not of Sclater) Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIII, 

 1899, IDS (Paramo de Macotama). — Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 XIII, 1900, 172 (Valparaiso, El Libano, and Las Nubes). 



Vireosylva Josephs chiriguensis (not of Bangs) Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., No. 50, III, 1904, 161 (Paramo de Macotama, in range; references). 



Vireosylva josephce josephm Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVI, 

 1917, 540 ("Santa Marta"; crit.). 



Fourteen specimens : Las Nubes, El Libano, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, 

 San Miguel, Cerro de Caracas, and Heights of Chirua. 



Comparison of an ample series from various parts of the range of 

 this species demonstrates that there are only three recognizable forms, 

 29 



