580 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



"From San Juan de Cesar we took the road to Valle de Upar by 

 way of Badillo, thus keeping on the side of the valley next the Sierra 

 Nevada. No change was observed in the faunal or floral conditions 

 over this part of the route, except on the very broad flood-plain of the 

 Rio Badillo, which is a fine large stream. This flood-plain supports 

 a forest of a different type from that of the Rio Rancheria at Fonseca, 

 and apparently belonging rather to the Magdalenan. Beyond this 

 flood-plain, which is here not less than five or six miles wide, the 

 trail emerges upon the plain, where the cacti and scrub again prevail, 

 and it contrives to closely skirt the foothills, which everywhere rise 

 abruptly from the plain, and are still bare and barren for the mpst 

 part. The road strikes the flood-plain of the Rio Guatapuri a few 

 miles above Valle de Upar, and follows it down to the town, which lies 

 on the southwest bank of the stream. This flood-plain woodland was 

 quite luxuriant in many parts, and gave every appearance of support- 

 ing a rich and varied bird-fauna, but I was greatly disappointed to find 

 so little there. Birds proved to be much less abundant than- at Fon- 

 seca, both in species and individuals, and after a whole day spent in 

 tramping about the country, with little to show for it, we decided to 

 continue our journey at once. Valle de Upar seems to be more or 

 less in a neutral zone as regards what may be designated respectively 

 as the Magdalenan and Goajiran faunas. Numerous species of the 

 latter fauna disappear here, and a few of the former come in, but not 

 many, so that on the whole the fauna is very poor, being neither one 

 nor the other. 



" After leaving Valle de Upar the trail continues through a low, 

 open woodland, largely composed of acacia-like forms, with some cacti, 

 for about six or eight miles, when again a luxuriant flood-plain forest 

 is encountered, extending up to the very base of the foothills. This 

 forest becomes richer as the road continues southward, but is broken 

 by parallel ridges or table-lands running approximately north and 

 south, from a few hundred yards to a mile or more in width. These 

 conditions persist until Valencia de Jesus is passed, when the forest 

 changes again, becoming typically Magdalenan in appearance, except 

 that it does not present so humid an aspect as on the west side of the 

 Sierra Nevada. This forest would seem to be continuous down to the 

 Rio Cesar, whence it follows that stream to the Magdalena. Once 



