302 Handbook of Nature-Study 



3. For what use was the cow's tail evidently intended? How do the 

 wild buffalos and bisons get rid of attacks of flies? 



4. How much of cattle language do you understand ? How does the 

 cow express pleasure? Lonesomeness ? Anger? How does the bull 

 express anger? What does the calf express with the voice? 



5. Is there always a leader in a herd of cows? Do certain cows of 

 the herd always go first and others last? Do the cows readily learn to 

 take each her own place in the stable? How is leadership of the herd 

 attained ? Describe cattle at play. 



6. At what time of day do cattle feed in the pasture? When and 

 where do they chew the cud? Do they stand or lie to do this ? Describe 

 how a cow lies down and gets up. 



7. How do wild cattle defend themselves from wolves ? From bears 

 or other solitary animals? 



8. For what purposes were cattle first domesticated? For how 

 many purposes do we rear cattle today? 



9. Name and give brief descriptions of the different breeds of cattle 

 with which you are familiar. Which of these are beef and which milch 

 types? 



10. What are the distinguishing points of a good milch cow? Of a 

 good beef animal? What does the food do for each of these? Which 

 part of the United States produces most beef cattle? Which the most 

 milch cattle? 



1 1 . What do we mean by a balanced ration ? Do you know how to 

 compute one? What is the advantage of feeding cattle a balanced 

 ration ? 



12. How many pounds of milk should a dairy cow produce in a year 

 to be profitable if the product is cheese ? If the product is butter? Why 

 this discrepancy? What must be the percent, of butter fat in milk to 

 make it legally salable in your state? How many months of the year 

 should a good cow give milk? 



13. Why should a cow be milked always by the same person ? Does 

 the milker always sit on the same side? Why should loud talking and 

 other noise at milking time be avoided ? Should a dog be used in driving 

 dairy cows? Why? 



14. Why is a cool draughty bam an expensive place in which to keep 

 cattle? why is a bam not well-ventilated, a danger? 



15. Why and where is the dehorning of cattle practiced? When and 

 how should a calf be dehorned? 



16. Why should milk not be strained in the bam? Why is it profit- 

 able for the dairy farmer to keep his stable clean and to be cleanly in the 

 care of milk? How does the food of cows affect the flavor of the milk? 

 Why should a farmer keep a record of the number of pounds of milk which 

 each cow in his dairy gives each day? 



17. For what are oxen used? Wherein are they superior to horses 

 as draft animals? Do you know of any place where oxen are used as 

 riding animals ? 



18. How many industries are dependent upon cattle? 



19. Give oral or written exercises on the following themes : "How 

 the Best Butter is Made;" "The Use of Bacteria in Butter;" "How Dairy 

 Cheese is Made;" "How Fancy Cheeses are Made." 



