The Hog Louse 699 



the reproductive 0rgax3 

 Male 



Mjoberg (1910:220-229) was the first to give an account of the male 

 reproductive organs of Hoematopinus suis Leach. He interpreted the 

 male copulatory apparatus and introduced the following nomenclature 

 for the different parts: (1) the basal plate, lying within the liody, articulating 

 distally with more or less free structures, the ejaculatory duct always 

 passing dorsal to it; (2) the parameres (a term used first by Verhoeff in 

 relation to Coleoptera, and quoted by Mjoberg), strongly chitinized parts 

 articulating on the distal part of the basal plate; (3) the preputial 

 sac, surrounding the penis and the distal part of the ejaculatory duct 

 and appearing to l)e attached to the distal part of the basal plate between 

 it and the parameres. Mjoberg suggested that the sac, like the penis, 

 may have originated from an invagination of the ninth and tenth inter- 

 sternital cuticula. He mentioned the mesodermal organs very briefly, 

 giving most of his description to the ectodermal parts, which he figured 

 with the penis both at rest and ejected. 



With the exception of Strobelt, the earlier workers dealt exclusively 

 with the lice infesting man. Swammerdam did not describe the male 

 reproductive organs; the forty specimens he studied were females. 

 Leeuwenhoek (1695:387, and 1697:187 [English trans. 1807:163]) first 

 discovered the male, but regarded the penis as a sting. Gaulke (1863) 

 thought the penis was an ovipositor for inserting the eggs under the skin. 

 Landois (1864:17-21 and 1865 a: 52-54) described and figm-ed the male 

 reproductive organs of Phthirius inguinalis and Pediculus vestimenti. 

 Graber (1872:158-159) referred to the work of Landois, and dealt briefly 

 with the structure of the seminal vesicles and the copulatory apparatus, 

 suggesting that the latter was a much more complicated organ than 

 Landois had thought. Strobelt (1882, English trans. 1883:99) described 

 the male generative organs of Linognathus vilidi (Haemaiopinus temdrostris) 

 very briefly and incompletely. 



More recent work on the genitalia of the lice affecting man has been 

 done by Pawlowsky (1908), Patton and Cragg (1913), MiiUer (1915), 

 and Nuttall (1917 a). The work of the last-named is the most complete 

 account yet published of the copulatory apparatus of the Pediculidae. 

 It does not include the internal reproductive organs. According to 



