40 Animal H usbandry 
65. Unsound hoofs. — The hoofs should be closely examined 
for quarter cracks, thrush, corns, and laminitis. 
66. Thoroughpin. — This occurs between the tendon and the 
upper point of the hock. It consists of a soft swelling and may be 
easily detected, as it can be pushed from side to side. 
67. Spavin. — There are three kinds of spavin — bone, bog, 
and occult. Bone-spavin is the most common, and consists of a 
bony growth on the inside and front of the hind leg just below the 
hock. Bog-spavin occurs in the natural depression on the inner 
and front part of the hock and consists of a soft swelling, formed 
by the oil, which accumulates from the joint. 
68. Curb. — This occurs on the back of the cannon just below 
the hock. It may be easily detected by looking at the leg from the 
side, as it is a variation from a straight line that should run from 
the point of the hock to the fetlock joint. 
69. Forging and overreaching. — A horse is said to forge when 
the shoes of the hind feet strike those of the fore feet, making a 
characteristic sound. Overreaching is the striking of the fore 
and hind feet in such a way as to injure the horse. 
THE HORSE SCORE-CARD 
The score-card gives, in systematic order, a detailed description 
of the parts of an ideally perfect animal. It emphasizes the rela- 
tive importance of the various parts, and teaches the method 
of seeing the parts in a logical and orderly way that none may 
escape observation. The score-card deals with one animal, com- 
paring it with an ideal of what the animal should be. It is pri- 
marily an aid to the study and teaching of stock-judging. After 
having learned the method of examination, — the art of seeing the 
parts instead of the animal as a whole, — and after securing an idea 
of the relative importance of the parts, we are ready to discard 
the card and take up comparative judging. 
70. Method of using the score-card. — Both types of horses are 
placed on the same card in this book, although the description and 
