52 Animal Husbandry 
100. Action. — While action in the heavy horse is not considered 
as desirable as in the lighter types, yet it should receive much 
attention. The walk deserves special notice since it is the prin- 
cipal gait of the draft horse. 
101. Market classes of horses. — On the market, horses are 
classified largely according to their uses. While there is much 
variation among different horse markets, the preceding table will 
give an idea of the nature and extent of the various market classes 
and sub-classes. Each sub-class is further divided into several 
grades as choice, common, inferior and the like. (See table, p. 51.) 
QUESTIONS 
1. Why is it so essential to cultivate the power of observation in judg- 
ing? How does the association of ideas strengthen the memory ? 
2. Which is the more symmetrical, a young horse or an old one? 
Which has the more pliable skin, and why? Why do the joints on aged 
horses become prominent ? 
3. How can you tell the sex of a mature horse by examining the 
mouth? Why do the cups disappear from the lower teeth before they do in 
the upper teeth ? 
4. What does it indicate if a horse rests one front foot by projecting it 
forward? By flexing it and resting on the toe? What do the following 
irregularities indicate: — broken teeth; discharge from nostrils; rigid 
ears; tender withers; white hairs on front of knees; and small white 
spots over the body? 
5. What are the principal uses of the score-card? Why is it never used 
in practical horse-judging? 
6. Why is the hand used in measuring the height of horses? Which 
is the taller, the draft or driving horse? Which has the longer legs ? 
7. Is the horse as tall from the ground to the withers as his body is long 
from the shoulder to the buttock? How many head lengths in a horse’s 
height ? 
8. Why should the distance from the withers to the knees and from the 
hips to the hocks be great in the trotting horse? Why comparatively short 
in the draft horse ? 
