CHAPTER VI 
BREEDS OF CATTLE 
THERE are two distinct types of cattle: first, the dairy type, 
adapted to the production of milk; and second, the beef type; 
employed for the production of beef. These types are controlled 
by the demands made on the body of the animal. For example, 
in milk production the udder is perhaps as important an organ as 
any, whereas in beef production it is needed only to sustain the 
young. Again, in the case of beef production it is very important 
that the animal take on flesh and that the body be plump and full, 
whereas in the production of milk this would be considered an 
objection, as the food should go to the production of milk and not 
to fat. These two types are of necessity widely different and one 
can no more have maximum milk production and maximum beef 
production in the same cow than he can have maximum speed 
and maximum force in the same horse. 
175. The dairy type. — When we reflect upon the purpose for 
which dairy cows are kept, the type becomes apparent. They 
are useful for the milk they can secrete, and not for the flesh of 
their bodies; and as the food goes to produce milk and not fat, 
the body will be spare and not fleshy. The secretion of milk 
takes place in the udder and allied organs; therefore, the rear 
development will be large. Furthermore, we cannot have large, 
production without a large factory; thus a large secretion of milk 
calls for a large digestive tract, which adds to the rear develop- 
ment (Fig. 44). . 
In general appearance, the form of the dairy cow resembles 
that of a triple-wedge. Viewed from the side, she shows greater 
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