120 Animal Husbandry 
ment of the Shorthorn, all are agreed that the largest factor enter- 
ing into their production was the native cattle of northeastern 
England, although about the middle of the eighteenth century 
bulls were introduced from Holland. — 
‘Improvement of the Shorthorn began about 1750 although little 
progress was made prior to the time of Messrs. Charles and Robert 
Colling. These brothers began breeding about 1784, Charles at 
Ketton in Durham and Robert at Brampton, not far distant from 
Charles. One of their stock bulls was Hubback, and they bred 
the Durham Ox and The White Heifer That Traveled as well as 
Favorite and Comet. Charles Colling’s herd was dispersed in 
1810 and Robert’s in 1818, and in 1820. At these dispersion sales, 
their animals were scattered broadcast throughout the land. 
Thomas Bates of ,Kirklevington and Thomas Booth, first of 
Killerby and later of Warlaby, were famous English breeders at 
the beginning of the nineteenth century. Bates was a careful 
investigator, keeping accurate records of the food consumed to 
beef and milk produced. He laid much stress upon milk production. 
Booth laid special emphasis upon the beef type, and his cattle were 
noted for their easy-feeding and thick-fleshing tendencies. 
Amos Cruickshank of Aberdeen, Scotland, was also a very 
famous breeder of Shorthorns. He established his herd about 
1837 and gradually developed a type known as Scotch which is 
low-set, thick fleshed, and early maturing. 
195. Shorthorn families. — There are a number of very im- 
portant tribes of families of Shorthorns. Thomas Bates developed 
the Duchess, Oxford, Waterloo, Cambridge Rose, Wild Eyes, 
Foggathorpe, and other tribes. Thomas Booth developed the 
Anna, Isabella, Medora, Halnaby or White Strawberry, Bracelet, 
Moss Rose, Mantalini, Blossom or Fairholme, Cherry Blossom, and 
like strains. Amos Cruickshank established the Violet, Venus, 
Mimulus, Picotee, Broadhook, Lady, Nonpareil, Orange Blossom, 
Lancaster, Victoria, Secret, Lavender, Spicy, Lovely, and the 
other tribes. 
