Breeds of Cattle 121 
196. Description of Shorthorn cattle. — This is the largest 
of the beef breeds and adheres closely to the ideal beef type, 
although certain tribes, notably Bates bred, tend to milk produc- 
tion and are known as dual-purpose cattle. The head is short 
and broad, especially between the eyes. The horns are small and 
short, and preferably curved forward. The neck is short and 
ng Met lps, Bei 
oy ae ina peei ie 
Fie. 52. — The Shorthorn bull ‘‘ Avondale.” Beef type. 
thick. The back is broad and straight, the ribs so well sprung 
and long as to give a large girth and good digestive capacity, with 
loins strong and broad. The rump is long, level and broad, while 
the quarters and thighs are long, thick, and deep, the fleshing 
being carried well towards the hocks. The legs are short, possess- 
ing small, clean bone, and strong joints. The color is red, white, 
and roan, and the temperament exceedingly mild (Fig. 52). 
197. Hereford beef cattle. — This breed originated in south- 
western England, particularly in the county of Hereford. The 
very early origin is no doubt much the same as the other English 
