Judging Cattle 133 
212. Measurements of cattle. — Since the dairy type differs 
in conformation from the beef type a few exact measurements are 
recorded to fix the more important differences in mind. Since 
the form of the thin steer differs from that of the fat steer a few 
measurements are recorded to illustrate this difference in conforma- 
tion. 
TYPE 
Parts MEASURED Dairy Brrr 
Guernsey Jersey Thin Fat 
Number of cattle measured . . 24 29 30 31 
Weight .. woe ee se Seg | ELBE 924 730 1265 
Height at withers sto Ja CAE ae 50.0 47.1 48.2 53.7 
Height at croup. ‘ 50.3 48.0 50.8 55.3 
Circumference of body at rth - 71.0, 69.0 65.6 83.7 
Circumference of body at paunch 87.6 87.0 75.8 94.7 
Depth of body at chest . . . . 27.0 26.7 24.0 28.7 
Depth of body at flank . . . . 20.9 20.7 19.4 22.7 
Length of croup ..... . 20.8 20.0 17.5 20.3 
Width of croup mente ty eS 19.9 18.8 19.4 20.2 
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS IN DAIRY COWS 
213. Form. — The general form should be considered from two 
points of view: first, with respect to angularity ; second, freedom 
from beefiness. 
The typical form of a dairy cow 7 is that ofa triple wedge. Viewed 
from either side she should show greater depth of body behind 
than in front. The shoulder should be lower than the hips, and 
the floor of the chest higher than the bottom of the udder. Ifa 
straight edge were laid along the back and allowed to project for- 
ward, and a second straight edge placed along the under line touch- 
ing the bottom of the udder, the abdomen, and the floor of the chest, 
