ASPIDIUM SPINULOSUM, Swartz. 



Spinulose or Common Wood-Fern. 



A,spiDiUM SPINULOSUM : — Root-stock stout, assurgent, 

 chaffy, covered with imbricated stalk-bases; stalks a span to 

 a foot and a half long, chaffy, the scales rather large, ovate, 

 pointed, ferruginous, brown or brown with a dark central spot ; 

 fronds one to three feet long, all alike, forming a crown, 

 firmly membranaceous, half-evergreen, ovate to ovate-oblong, 

 twice to thrice pinnate ; primary pinnae mostly short-stalked, 

 the lowest pair triangular-ovate or triangular-lanceolate, broad- 

 est on the lower side, rather remote from the next pair, the 

 remaining pinnae gradually narrower in outline and less 

 distant ; secondary rachises very narrowly wing-margined ; 

 pinnules oblong, sub-acute, pinnate or pinnately incised with 

 oblong obtuse spinulose-serrate lobes ; sori rather small, borne 

 on the back of the free veins or either apical or dorsal on 

 the veinlets; indusium flat, delicate, round-reniform, either 

 smooth or glandular. 



Aspidium spinulosum, Swartz, in Schraders Journal (1800) ii., p. 38; 

 Syn. Fil., p. 54. — Hooker, Brit. Fl., ed. i., p. 444; Fl. Bor.- 

 Am., ii., p. 261. — Gray, Manual, ed. ii., p. 597 (excl. var. 

 Boottit). — MiLDE, Fil. Eur. et Atl., p. 132. 



