200 WANDBKINGS OF A 



described by Tickell in 1833.* This plain-dressed but charac- 

 teristic tenant of the wooded parts of Cashmere represents 

 the song-thrush of Europe. It is less in size, being not larger 

 than the redwing. On leaving Mattun we turned eastward to 

 examine the celebrated ruins of the temple of Martund, 

 situated on a slope near the mountains overlooking the magnifi- 

 cent kirawa of the same name. Again, from this point the 

 geologist will mark the old water-lines across the sides of the 

 mountains, and the shingly conglomerate which abuts in 

 several places. The similarity between Martund and the 

 temples in the Baramula Pass is striking ; with the little 

 temple of Pandreton they belong doubtless to one epoch, as 

 shown in Professor Wilson's Essay on the Ancient History of 

 Cashmere, or the carefully -compiled descriptions of Mr. 

 Vigne.t Making allowances for the ravages of time and 

 the ruthless hand of the invader, nothing I have seen in the 

 vaUey testifies to the severity of the earthquakes which have 

 shaken it from time to time more than the yawning gaps 

 and tottering walls of the temple of Martund. 



The city of Islamabad is only a few miles distant. It is 

 composed of seven or eight hundred houses, scattered without 

 much regularity and appearance. From the little hill west- 

 ward of the town the traveller may command a magnificent 

 view of the valley. The chunar-trees here are of gigantic 

 size, and the largest I have seen anywhere. The circumfer- 

 ence of one at 4 feet from the ground measured 29 feet. They 

 form a delightful shade around the sacred spring of Annat 

 Nag, which, like the tank at Mattun, is surrounded by a waU, 

 and swarms with Himalayan trout. There are two sulphureous 

 springs in the town, one of which deposits sulphur in small 

 quantity, and has a temperature about ten degrees higher 

 than the spring-water in the neighbourhood. 



* See Jow. As, Soc. Bengal, ii. 577. t Travels in Cashmere, vol. i. 



