NATURALIST IN INDIA. 215 



sheltered sides of the valleys around Zuznar. On hleak 

 situations I met with the only specimen of the black-hreasted 

 warbler {Calliope pedoralis) I have seen on the Himalaya. It 

 is a solitary bird, and affects the stunted juniper-bushes at 

 high altitudes ; it is about the size of the redstart, which in 

 habits it much resembles. The ram-hun or wild dog {Canis 

 primMvus) is a native of the Cashmere ranges, and although 

 not to say common, is by no means rare ; but it is so stealthy 

 in its habits that all my attempts to obtain specimens proved 

 abortive. I devoted ten days to the pursuit of a pack, and 

 followed their fresh trail over many dangerous and difficult 

 places ; but they were too knowing, and always kept out of 

 sight. Many native sportsmen, though familiar with its 

 depredations, have never seen the animal. They hunt in 

 packs, and attack the largest deer. Even the Cashmere stag 

 is said to be brought to bay and kiUed by packs of wild dogs. 

 One was killed by my friend Lieutenant Abbott of the 75th 

 Eegiment, near Allahabad Serai, on the Eeer Pinjal, and its 

 skin identified with specimens at home. The wild dog seen 

 by Dr. Hooker on the Khasia mountains, and known there by 

 the names kuleam, khas,* may be a different species. Even 

 on the western ranges, I have been told by natives of consider- 

 able variety as regards colour and size of wild dogs. In a col- 

 lection made by Captaia Peyton, 87th regiment, on the Kara- 

 korum mountains, north of Ladakh, I saw a skin of a wild 

 dog he had procured from the natives, who assured him preyed 

 on the Ovis ammon and Tibet antelopes,- and that it often 

 killed the tame sheep and goats, and in winter came close to 

 the native villages. The nose was pointed, hair long and 

 thick, the latter containing much woolly pUeage ; the general 



* Colonel Sykes considers this species identical with the kolsun of the 

 Deccan {0. duJclmnensis). 



