76 Veterinary Medicine. 



tusks, or feet, by nails, etc., and in winter by hard, woody ali- 

 ment scratching the lips, mouth, fauces or pharynx. Shedding 

 of teeth, diseased teeth or gums, and everything that causes 

 abrasion of the alimentary mucosa must be admitted into the list 

 of causes. Infected traumatisms of any kind, like intratracheal 

 and intravenous inoculations usually prove fatal, while infection 

 by ingestion is not necessarily so. The pathogenic potency ap- 

 pears to be impaired in the stomach or intestines. 



Symptoms. These vary widely according to the subject, the 

 seat of infection and the violence of the attack. They may be 

 classed under three principal heads : superficial, thoracic, and in- 

 testinal, and in addition into acute and chronic cases. 



In the superficial external or cutaneous form there is usually a 

 sudden onset with high fever (104° to 107° F.), accelerated pulse, 

 (70 to 90), and breathing (24 to 50), anorexia, suspended rumi- 

 nation, muscular tremors or shivering, staring coat, dry, hot 

 muzzle, burning of ears, horns and hoofs, suppression of milk, 

 and more or less stringy salivation. The visible mucosae are of 

 a deep red or violet tinge, and the patient will often remain apart 

 by himself when the herd has moved elsewhere. Soon there des. 

 velops a tense, hard, hot, painful swelling of the intermaxillary 

 space, tongue, throat, neck, dewlap or elsewhere, amounting to 

 perhaps six inches in thickness, extremely resistant and not 

 usually indented on pressure with the finger. The breathing be- 

 comes stertorous and deglutition difficult or impossible. The 

 mouth is hot and filled with tenacious saliva, and the tongue may 

 hang pendant while on its borders and lower surface are projec- 

 tions of the mucosa swollen by infiltration, yellowish and semi- 

 transparent, or blood-stained. At other points petechise are more 

 or less abundant. 



Death may take place from pharyngeal obstruclfon or closure, 

 or as the disease advances, there may be indications of implica- 

 tion of the viscera, of the chest or abdomen : encreasingly difficult 

 breathing, a mucous or suffocative cough, colicy pains, tenesmus, 

 and the passage of moulded glazed faeces, of pseudo-membranous 

 casts, or of profuse liquid stools. The animal may move the hind 

 feet uneasily, lie down and rise alternately, may remain persis- 

 tently recumbent until death, or he may stand up until he falls 

 to perish of asphyxia. Death may occur in six hours, or may 

 be delayed four days. 



