88 Veterinary Medicine. 



fatal cases there is dark colored blood, with congestion of the 

 serous and mucous membranes, which, together with the skin and 

 often the solid tissues, are covered with petechise, and even cir- 

 cumscribed haemorrhages. The lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, 

 and many of the lymph glands are congested and swollen, seem- 

 ing at times of a black hue as if blood-saturated. The lesions, 

 indeed, indicate an acute septicaemia. 



In cases that have survived three or four weeks, the morbid 

 changes are slighter, the blood is brighter in tint, and the con- 

 gestions less deep in color, ecchymoses may be especially confined 

 to the heart, abomasum and small intestines, which may also show 

 haemorrhages. Enlargement and congestion of the lymph glands 

 are the rule, while pulmonary consolidation and gastro-intestinal 

 mucous inflammations are frequently found. As in the more 

 acute types the urine is albuminous. 



In chronic cases the anaemia is prominent. The clot is soft, rel- 

 atively small, elastic and black, the serum is relatively very abun- 

 dant and pale. The red globules are greatly reduced in numbers, 

 and there are a number of giant cells which stain deeply as in 

 chlorosis. The lymph glands are usually enlarged, softened and 

 slightly congested but rarely the seat of blood extravasation. The 

 tissues generally are pallid, soft and shrunken. There is a 

 marked absence of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat, while the 

 connective tissue is more or less infiltrated with a transparent, 

 watery lymph. The serous cavities usually contain more than the 

 normal amount of fluid, transparent or straw-colored, and with 

 ' few globules or granules. Congestions and even shreds of false 

 membrane are sometimes present on the serosa. In some cases 

 the lungs and bronchia are the seat of inflammatory exudates, 

 causing nodular consolidations of from one-half to one inch in 

 diameter. Not unfrequently the lungs show strongylosis as the 

 fourth stomach shows strongylus contortus, the small intestines 

 strongylus filicoUis, taeniae (expansa, fimbriata, etc.), the large 

 intestines oesophagostoma Columbiana, and tricocephalus afSnis, 

 and the gall ducts distoma hepaticum and distoma lanceolatum. 

 In these chronic cases the spleen is usually shrunken, and the 

 liver firm, sometimes even cirrhotic. 



Mortality. The acute cases are usually fatal. Those that as- 

 sume a chronic form, if free from local lesions in important organs, 



