PNEUMO-ENTERITIS IN SHEEP : HEMORRHAGIC 

 SEPTICEMIA : SWINE PI.AGUE. 



Historic note. Microbiology : ovoid bacterium, motile, with polar stain, 

 non-liquefying, chains, grows freely on culture media Pathogenic to sheep, 

 goats, dogs, hens, rodents, calf, ass. Views of Liguieres, Lienaux, and 

 Conte. Symptoms : Acute form in young ; hyperthermia, rapid pulse, 

 troubled breathing, dulness, prostration, sopor, anorexia, congested petechi- 

 ated mucosae, offensive diarrhoea, emaciation, wheezing, cough, rS.les, crepi- 

 tus, percussion flatness, abortion. Death in 6 hours to 3 days. Sub-acute 

 form in mature : symptoms moderate, recoveries the rule. Lesions : foetid 

 carcass, blood staining of skin and organs, exudates, petechiae, swollen 

 congested lymph glands, peritoneal exudate, congested liver and spleen, 

 gastro-eoterilis, pleural effusion, lobular and peribronchial exudates, casea- 

 tion, congested womb, placenta and brain, bacterium in lesions. Preven- 

 tion : isolation, disinfectionj secretions, manure, drainage, exclude tame 

 and wild animals. Disinfectants. 



Among the different forms of hsemorrhagic septicaemia in sheep, 

 that observed by Galtier in 1889 in Basses Alpes, and later else- 

 where in southern and western France and in Algiers, must be 

 specially noted. It seems to be the same affection studied later 

 by I,ienaux, Conte, Besuoit and Cuille and which prevailed from 

 Tarn in the south of France, to Vendue in the west, and Somme 

 in the north. 



Microbiology. The pathogenic factor found in the lesions was 

 an ovoid bacterium, a little larger than that of fowl cholera, mo- 

 tile, non-liquefying, with polar staining, and often showing in 

 short chains of two or three joined end to end. It grows easily 

 and abundantly in all common culture media, even on potato 

 which fails to propagate the cocco-bacillus of I^ignieres. This, 

 with its ready transmission from swine to sheep and vice versa, 

 apparently serves to differentiate it from the cocco-bacillus, and 

 the disease from the hsemorrhagic septicemia of I^ignieres. 



Pathogenesis, In Galtier' s first observations in Basses Alpes 

 four separate flocks were infected by pigs brought all from one 

 market, and placed in or by the pens of the sheep where they 

 sickened and one in seven died in a few days. Then the mortality 

 began among the sheep and ranged as follows : ist flock lost 10 

 in 37 : 2d flock 16 in 25 : 3d flock 8 in 20 : 4th flock 12 in 22. 

 On one farm 10 sheep were sent to a neighbor's just before the 



