98 Veterinary Medicine. 



standing or lying with head extended, mouth open, tongue pro- 

 truding and mucosae violet. Sometimes early in the disease, but 

 almost constantly in advanced stages, there is an encreasingly 

 fluid and offensive discharge from the bowels. The encreasing 

 pallor of the skin may escape the observer unless the hair is 

 drawn aside to show the surface. The same is true of the 

 emaciation, but the gradually encreasing pallor and sinking of 

 the eyes must be noted. The growing debility shows first in 

 tardy, listless movement, then stilty gait, swaying or staggering, 

 then the patient is trodden down under the feet of its fellows, 

 later it lies almost constantly with its head on one side or bent 

 on the sternum, and finally there is complete paralysis. The 

 stricken animal bleats or groans at intervals. Signs of enteritis 

 may be entirely absent. Abortion is a frequent complication. 

 Four-fifths and upward of the diseased goats perish. The dura- 

 tion of the disease may be from one to eight weeks. 



Lesions. On opening the carcass one is struck by the extreme 

 emaciation and anaemia. The skin and subcutaneous structures 

 are pale and bloodless. The muscles are pale, anaemic, and 

 wasted to the last degree. The rumen may contain a considerable 

 amount of food recently taken. There may be slight areas of 

 congestion on the bowels especially the small ones. The in- 

 testines contain a moderate amount of normal contents, or foul 

 liquid, and the mucosa may show enlarged follicles, a covering of 

 slimy mucus, and even necrotic and sloughing centres. The 

 liver is usually normal, the spleen pale and shrunken, and the 

 kidneys soft, pasty, and anaemic. The lungs float in water, but 

 are mottled, pale pink patches alternating with others of a dark 

 red or iron gray, yet extensive consolidation is rare. The lower 

 lobes are usually most affected and in these Hutcheon, Nicole 

 and Refik Bey and others have noted hepatization with distinct 

 marbling as in lung plague. In the congested patches the 

 bronchioles, on section, exude a frothy mucus, and their' walls 

 show considerable fibrinous thickening. The pericardium con- 

 tains more or less of a pink fluid, and the epicardium shows small 

 congested areas and blood extravasation, mostly punctiform. 

 Similar petechial spots may be found on the pleurae and peri- 

 toneum. The blood count shows an increase of red globules 

 (ii.ooo.ooo to i2.ooo.ooo) and leucocytes (18.000 to 20.000.) 

 This is perhaps accounted for by the great loss of liquid through 

 diarrhoea. It disproves any material destruction of the globules. 



