112 Veterinary Medicine. 



and less vigorously on agar and gelatine. On agar the colonies 

 reach the size of a pin head in two days with projecting alse, and 

 on gelatine in three to five days, and then dry and shrink. Mul- 

 tiplication takes place by transverse division, and at such a time 

 the organism may seem to be a chain of diplococci. lyignieres 

 claims that the disease starts in a cocco-bacillus (Pasteurella), only 

 discoverable in the early stages, and which paves the way for 

 the streptococcus. 



Pathogenesis. Inoculation of streptococcus cultures on a sus- 

 ceptible horse produces the unquestionable phenomena of stran- 

 gles, and solipeds alone take the disease casually. In white 

 mice it produces abscess in the seat of puncture and in the ad- 

 jacent lymph glands. If the action is delayed the abscess may be 

 in lung, spleen, kidneys, liver, or other distant organ. Rabbits, 

 Guinea pigs, pigeons, pigs and cattle are immune unless large 

 doses are employed. Intravenously large doses kill the lamb. 



The identity of the microbe with other streptococci of animals 

 and man has been claimed. Arloing alleges that, by culture of 

 the microbe in the blood or peritoneum of the live rabbit, he 

 exalted the virulence, and obtained in succession a streptococcus 

 capable of producing erysipelas ; gangrenous erysipelas ; suppu- 

 rating, sloughing erysipelas ; pseudo-membranous peritonitis ; me- 

 tastatic absesses ; and fulminant septic peritonitis. Hill, Jensen 

 and Sand, and Lignieres, as the result of cultures and inoculations 

 claim that strangles streptococcus is identical with that of conta- 

 gious pneumonia. Courmont, on the other hand, as the result 

 of his cultures and inoculations, concludes that the microbe of 

 strangles and that of erysipelas are independent organisms. 



The clinical evidence is decidedly against the theory of identity. 

 In epizootics of strangles we meet with a constant succession of 

 cases of strangles and in districts into which contagious pneu- 

 monia has never been introduced, no .single case of that disease 

 ever comes in to break the monotony of the sequence and to start 

 a series of cases of the latter affection. Conversely, in an out- 

 break of contagious pneumonia in a locality heretofore free from 

 strangles, strangles do not develop. Again, no matter how 

 prevalent nor how constant strangles may be in a locality, and 

 how habitually men have their wounded hands covered with 

 the pus of the abscesses, no epidemic of erysipelas is entailed in 



