Strangles, Infectious Rhino-adenitis. 115 



•and especially in the lymph plexuses and glands. Hence, the 

 danger of operations on the subjects of strangles, the weakened 

 tissues of the wound forming a most inviting field of growth. 

 Castrations occurring as they do mostly in the growing animal, 

 are especially to be guarded against, and I may cite the case, 

 familiar to many, in which seven cryptorchids died with phleg- 

 mon in the seat of the wound, the first one operated on having 

 had strangles. 



The nasal and buccal discharges are especially liable to convey 

 the infection through mangers, racks, fodders, drinking troughs 

 and pails, harness, poles and shafts, halters, twitches and the like. 

 Infection through blankets, brushes, rubbers, and the clothes and 

 hands of attendants, dealers, veterinarians and others, is not 

 to be overlooked. 



Pathology. The streptococcus shows a special disposition to 

 enter and advance along the lines of the lymphatic circulation. 

 The paucity of the germ in the blood and its abundance in the 

 lymph plexuses, vessels and glands show that its election is preemi- 

 nently for the lymphatic system. Then the ordinary primary 

 lesions in and around the upper part of the air passage (nose, 

 pharynx, submaxillary, parotidean and phryngeal lymph glands) 

 bespeak infection by inhalation, rather than with the ingesta. Pri- 

 mary solitary lesions on or near stomach or intestine are almost 

 unknown, nearly all such being secondary. Next to inhalation, 

 the most prominent channel of entrance is through castration and 

 other wounds. Abrasions and sores of skin diseases must rank 

 after wounds as entrance channels. Transmission by copulation, 

 the microbe being lodged on the genital mucosa, is well estab- 

 lished, also transmission from mother to foetus through the pla- 

 centa, and from dam to offspring through the milk. 



In the most familiar type of the disease the nasal mucosa is red, 

 congested and somewhat thickened with exudate, and the epi- 

 thelium is softened and desquamating. As the result of this des- 

 quamation there may be slight abrasions or raw sores but these 

 do not show indications of the irregular outline, excavations, or 

 progressive extensions that characterize the ulcers of glanders. 

 The surface is usually plentifully covered with a muco-purulent 

 material with less disposition to adhesiveness than in glanders. 

 It is rare to see any exudate into, and thickening of the walls of 



