Chicken Cholera. Fowl Cholera. Typhoid, etc. 197 



and affected tissues is conclusive. Kitt points out that inocula- 

 tion of a pigeon kills the bird in 12 to 48 hours, with dry yellow 

 exudate in patches of from }^ to ^ inch in diameter on the sur- 

 face of the muscles, and yellow discoloration and nodular indura- 

 tion beneath. 



Prognosis. The mortality reaches 90 to 95 per cent. The 

 negative chemiotaxis exerted on the leucocytes by the microbe, 

 precludes defensive phagocytosis, and the progress of the deadly 

 microbe is comparatively unhindered. Toward the end of a 

 severe outbreak, and in certain mild epizootics the recoveries are 

 much greater. 



Prevention. All birds bought or otherwise acquired and all 

 birds returning from shows should be quarantined for one week 

 before being allowed to mingle with the flock. In summer this 

 should be conducted inside fly screens. The manure should be 

 burned, carefully secluded, or treated with dilute sulphuric acid. 

 Buzzards and vermin as possible bearers of the infection should be 

 excluded from poultry yards. So with human beings, dogs, etc., 

 coming from infected places. In an infected flock the sick should be 

 at once separated, killed and burned or treated with sulphuric acid. 

 All manure should be treated in the same way. Buildings, yards 

 and runs shsuld be thoroughly cleaned and liberally sprinkled 

 with a dilute sulphuric acid (2:100). If the birds can be divided 

 up in small groups (say of 5) the^ appearance of the disease will 

 only endanger that group. In small flocks or with very valuable 

 birds it may even be well to take the body temperature morning 

 and night and separate at once any bird showing a rise. Any 

 diseased or suspected flock should be kept where its manure will 

 not be washed into wells, running streams or ponds to which 

 other birds have access. In a locality where the disease exists 

 fowls should not be allowed to run at large. In winter this is 

 very effective ; in summer owing to the danger from insect bear- 

 ers, it must be supplemented by the most scrupulous cleanliness 

 of poultry houses and yards, and by a liberal sprinkling with 

 dilute sulphuric acid, or other disinfectant, to be made especially 

 abundant and frequent on the manure. Nocard cuts short the 

 disease by injections, subcutem of a 5 per cent, solution of car- 

 bolic acid. 



Immunization. With valuable birds it may be desirable to 



