198 Veterinary Medicine. 



secureimmynization by non-fatal inoculations. Salmon secured 

 this by first estimating the number of microbes in a mm. of the 

 blood, then diluting until five drops would contain but one, or at 

 most two of these organisms, and injecting this amount into the 

 pectoral muscles. A sequestrum forms in the muscle and is 

 gradually sloughed out, and the cavity heals, with resulting im- 

 munity. 



Pasteur produced a weakened virus by exposing the artificial 

 bouillon cultures to air for from three to ten months, the strength 

 decreasing with the length of exposure. The weaker form pro- 

 duces slight illness only, from which recovery is prompt. A 

 second and stronger virus is used ten to twelve days later and 

 produces a real immunity. 



The drawbacks to these methods are : ist, that fowls are of 

 too little value, to warrant inoculation in healthy flocks ; 2d, 

 that in infected flocks, where it is employed, the more susceptible 

 birds are usually already contaminated, and a large proportion 

 die in spite of it ; and 3d, that.it becomes a means of planting 

 the infection in new localities (Kitt). 



Treatment. The disease is so deadly that little can be hoped 

 from medicinal treatment. It has been directed mainly to gastric 

 and intestinal disinfection. Copperas and sulphuric or hydro- 

 chloric acid in the drinking water y^ to i per cent, of each is at 

 once prophylactic and curative. Friedberger and Frohner add 

 fennel or peppermint, and give a tablespoonful every hour to an 

 affected chicken. Other agents recommended are : carbolic acid 

 (5:100) by the mouth or subcutem (Nocard), salicylate of soda, 

 quinia (Cadeac),' tannic acid (2:100), salol, naphthol, tar water, 

 etc. 



See Catarrhal Enteritis in Birds : Vol. II. p. 258, Bacillus 

 Gallinorum ; B. CoH Commune : B. of Duck Cholera : Spirillum 

 Metchnikowi. 



