Emphysematous Anthrax. 221 



incubation a few hours, diseases 12 to 70 hours. Hyperthermia, swelling in 

 loose connective tissue, shoulder, quarter, arm, thigh, neck, trunk, palate, 

 base of tongue, pharynx, tender point, rapidly enlarges, spreads, crepitates, 

 percussion resonance, finally cold, insensible, withered. On incision black, 

 bloody pulp, or frothy. Peripheral gelatinoid exudate. Subsidiary lymph 

 glands enlarged. Cases with deep seated exudate. Diagnosis : from ma- 

 lignant oedema and anthrax. Lesions : early decomposition, bloating, in 

 swelling blood extravasations with gas bubbles and lymph exudate, muscle 

 beneath dirty brown or black, breaking down when pressed, shows waxy or 

 fatty degeneration, and many, leucocytes and cell f irms. Lymph glands 

 and plexuses blood gorged. Extravasation may be in internal organs. 

 Liver congested. Spleen rarely enlarged. Treatm .nt : Chluride of iron 

 internally, ammonia iodide and ol. terebinth externally. Scarify and use 

 hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate. Antitoxins. Prevention : 

 drain and till soil, apply quicklime to muck, exclude new animals just from 

 infected districts, disinfect buildings, close infected wells and streams, se- 

 clude the sick, burn, cook or dissolve carcasses, or fence graves. Bleeding 

 purgation, diuresis, uniform good feeding, setoning. Immunization by 

 heated and sterilized culture ; by toxins passed through a porcelain filter ; 

 by minimum dose intravenously ; by injection into trachea ; by inoculation 

 on tip of tail ; by inoculation with Pasteur weakened virus ; by heat 

 sterilized virus. 



Synonyms. Symptomatic Anthrax ; Black Quarter ; Quarter 

 111 ; Black Leg ; Rauschbrand ; Charbon Symptomatique. 



Definition. An acute infectious bacteridian disease manifested 

 by hypertbermia, lameness, and a localized, hot, painful swelling 

 on the shoulder, quarter, leg, neck, trunk or elsewhere, tending 

 to emphysema, and gangrene and when incised showing black 

 extravasated blood, clotted or frothy. 



This affection was long confounded with anthrax proper, but 

 was differentiated b}' the observation of Wallraff (1856) , Boulit- 

 Josse, Vernant, Pfisterer, Feser, and others and finally Bollinger 

 in 1875 found tHe motile bacillus. Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas 

 (1879-84) thoroughly substantiated this position, and devised a 

 method of immunizing by inoculation. Feser had however seen 

 the motile sinuous rods in the exudate as early as i860, and even 

 produced the disease by the inoculation with mud from infected 

 Alpine Pastures. 



Geographical distribution. Emphysematous anthrax prevails 

 in limited areas, and particular buildings in Europe, Asia, Africa, 

 Australia and America, and in all climates from the tropics up 

 to the sub- Arctic. It is however most prevalent in spring, sum- 

 mer and autumn. It is not uncommon at the breaking up of the 

 winter snows. It is especially prevalent on damp, undrainep 



