Anthrax. 245 



In this the vulvar mucosa often participates. I,ocal swellings 

 may appear in the tongue or pharynx, even if not on the surface, 

 or colics indicate implication of the digestive organs. The exami- 

 nation of the blood early reveals the presence of the bacillus, and 

 as the disease advances, its black, incoagulable, tarry, or coffee- 

 grounds appearance becomes characteristic. Pregnant animals 

 are liable to abort. Death occurs in 12 to 48 hours. Most cases 

 are fatal at the beginning of an outbreak, while later the great 

 majority often recover. 



Fulminant cases (Anthrax acutissimus) occur mostly in cattle 

 or sheep, in high condition, the victim being found dead in pas- 

 ture or stall, without previous observation of illness, or, if seen 

 during life there is the sudden attack, leaving food, muscular 

 tremors, anxious expression of countenance, h5'perthermia, 

 dyspnoea, dark red mucosae, it may be streaks of blood on them, 

 plaintive cries, rolling of the eyes, spasms or coma, and death in 

 a few minutes to one or two hours. In sheep there may be sepa- 

 ration from the flock, pawing, stretching, shaking of head, turn- 

 ing in circle, dyspnoea, falling, convulsive struggling, passing of 

 blood by nose, kidneys or bow^els and death. 



Local Anthrax in Cattle. Symptoms. In cutaneous anthrax 

 the circumscribed swelUngs appear suddenly, and may grow to 

 considerable dimensions on different parts of the skin, head, neck, 

 "breast, shoulders, abdomen, axilla, sheath, udder, or flanks. 

 ■There may be one or many, and they lack the acute early tender- 

 ness, and later crepitation of black quarter. On white skins 

 they are dark red, or violet, and when incised, show a gelatinoid, 

 bloody, non-suppurating mass, abounding in bacilli. 



Gloss-anthrax implicates the whole, or it may be the roots 

 only, of the tongue and the fauces. There is profuse salivation, 

 perhaps bloody, intermaxillary and pharyngeal swelling, anorexia, 

 and the tongue is found protruding, swollen, violaceous, vesicu- 

 lated or with rounded nodules, or sloughs and ulcers, with larda- 

 ceous or blood stained bottoms. Hyperthermia and constitu- 

 tional S;ymptoms are present. 



Pharyngeal anthrax is manifested by swelling of the throat, 

 profuse salivation more or less marked with blood, complete dys- 

 phagia, attending on the marked febrile and constitutional symp- 

 toms already described. 



