Suppression and Prevention of Anthrax in Herds. 253 



soil than from the sick animal direct. Two precautions are 

 necessary in making such change of locality : ist, Animals al- 

 ready infected should not be moved on to such new pasture ; 

 and 2d, The pasture to which the stock is moved should be en- 

 tirely free from the impermeability (clay, hard pans), and 

 saturation with water (swamps, basins, low bottoms) which 

 would ensure the permanent preservation of any microbe planted 

 there. Elevated, sandy, argilaceous or loamy soils are to be 

 selected. To these the animals of the infected herd, which by 

 their appearance and thermometry may be pronounced sound, 

 should be removed and kept under careful supervision, especially 

 as regards thermometric tests. Any showing symptoms of an- 

 thrax should be at once taken back to the infected herd. If 

 they have stood in stalls, for milking or otherwise, these should 

 be disinfected, and they should be carried in wagons or driven 

 by unfrequented roads. Their droppings should be carefully dis- 

 infected. 



If, in the absence of anthrax symptoms, animals must be kept 

 in the infected lot, or returned to it, they should be immunized. 



Interdiction of sales. No animal in the infected herd which 

 shows a rise of temperature, should be sold eyen for slaughter. 

 No animal should be sold for stock purposes until the disease 

 has completely subsided. Any animal, in the infected herd, 

 which shows no hyperthermia nor other sign of anthrax, may 

 be sold for immediate slaughter, subject to a critical expert 

 examination of the cadaver for anthrax. Milk, the product of 

 an infected herd, and butter and cheese made from such milk, 

 should not be used as food. If such members of the herd as 

 show no hyperthermia or other symptom of anthrax, can be 

 held apart as a separate herd, in a disinfected place, and under 

 careful thermometric observation, their dairy products may be 

 used. 



Immunization. A number of different methods have been 

 practiced of rendering animals refractory to the bacillus anthra- 

 cis, but all are apparently based on the production in the system 

 of defensive products, as the result of a nonlethal poisoning with 

 anthrax toxins. It is true of anthrax as of many other infec- 

 tions that a first attack protects against a second. In all ani- 

 mals there is a certain measure of defensive power against the 



