Suppression and Prevention of Atithrax in Herds. 257 



cc. is injected stibcutem on the inner side of the thigh of the 

 mature sheep, and 12 or 15 days later a similar dose of the 

 stronger preparation ( 2d " vaccin " ) . For the ox or horse double 

 the amount ( ^th c c. ) is used, being injected behind the shoulder, 

 and on the side of the neck of the respective animals. The dose 

 is graduated in the different subjects according to the size and 

 age, yet a considerable latitude is permissible. The syringe must 

 be disinfected before and after inoculations by a 5 per cent, so- 

 lution of carbolic acid, or by boiling, and the nozzle should be 

 dipped in strong carbolic acid immediately before and after each 

 insertion. This will greatly obviate infection of the liquid used 

 and of the wound by any virulent germs lodged on the surface of 

 the skin. The liquid to be injected should be used as soon as 

 possible after preparation, and if kept should be in a dark cold 

 place, and if the tube is once opened the whole of its contents 

 should be used the same day, — never kept over. The second, 

 stronger preparation should never be used until the system has 

 been prepared for it by the use of the first. 



By the Soluble Toxins in Sterile Solution. In 1884 in an out- 

 break of anthrax at Skaneatles, N. Y., I drew blood from an 

 anthrax cow, subjected it to 212° F. for 30 minutes, dissolved 

 out the soluble toxins in boiled water, and injected the product 

 subcutem, in a dose of 2 to 4 cc. according to size, into every ap- 

 parently healthy member of the herd, excepting one, which was 

 left as a check. The check animal died of anthrax which all 

 the others escaped. 



Since that time I have personally used it in every herd where 

 opportunity offered, and with equally good results. In an out- 

 break near Elmira, Dr. Moore adopted it in a large dairy herd, 

 and the disease was at once arrested. 



In several experimental cases at the N, Y. S. V. College, the 

 outcome was not so satisfactory, and in a herd in Oneida Co., N. 

 Y. , it is said to have failed to check the disease. 



Notwithstanding these untoward results in other hands, I am 

 still confident that we have in this a measure of no little value, 

 and worthy of application in suitable cases. A certain percentage 

 of failures in immunization are to be looked for. Even cowpox 

 vaccination is not always protective against itself : I knew one 

 man who was successfully vaccinated every three years in a com- 

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