258 Veterinary Medicine. 



paratively long series. Many habitually self-limiting diseases 

 relapse in particular individuals. Even in the case of anthrax, 

 excess of glucose or lactic acid in the system, and the lack of 

 some unknown influence of the spleen are respectively destruc- 

 tive of immunity. After the Pasteurian inoculation a certain 

 number of inoculated animals are lost, it may be between the 

 first and second injection, or it may be '' two or three months " 

 after the latter (Galtier). We must also bear in mind that in 

 an infected herd or flock, there are almost always a certain number 

 already infected at the time of the protective inoculation, and as 

 the protective conditions are slowly established, through the 

 action of the leucocytes, it is unreasonable to expect that serious 

 illness and death can be obviated in such animals. 



In inoculation with the Pasteur lymph, the bacillus is held not 

 to enter the blood, a position supported by the researches of 

 Bitter, Perroncito, Wissokovicz, I/Ubarsch, Metchnikoff , Chamber- 

 land and Roux, so that the resulting immunization must come 

 from the toxins. Add to this that Chauveau (1885) conferred 

 immunity on a sheep by injecting intravenously, anthrax blood, 

 defibrinated, and sterilized by heat ; Arloing obtained immunity 

 in the sheep by injecting, subcutem, the clear supernatant liquid 

 from old bouillon cultures of anthrax, from which all bacilli had 

 been precipitated ; Roux and Chamberland obtained the same 

 result by using the pulp of an anthrax spleen, treated with 

 essential oil of mustard, so as to destroy the life of the bacillus, 

 and then evaporated in vacuo to remove the essence. Small 

 doses proved more effective than when the splenic pulp had 

 been filtered or sterilized by heating to 58° C. 



The advantages of using sterilized toxins are numerous : 



I St. As the material can be derived from a case of the out- 

 break in hand, there is no risk of using the anthrax protective 

 inoculation for black quarter, hsemorrhagic septicaemia or other 

 disease which is so often confounded with it. 



2d. There is no danger of the sudden enhancing of the potency 

 of an enfeebled microbe on account of some condition of the 

 animal inoculated, as no living microbe is employed. 



3d. There is no possibility of planting the anthrax bacillus 

 on new soil, as is so liable to take place in using the weakened 

 but still vital microbe. 



