GI^ANDERS. 



Synonyms. Definition : Acute, infectious, microbiau disease, often local- 

 ized in lymph glands and plexuses of nose and air passages, etc. ; with 

 hyperplasia, degeneration, necrosis, liquefaction. Affects solipeds, and, 

 by inoculation, man and all domestic animals save cattle, chickens, and 

 (usually) swine. Geographical distribution and historic notes : known in 

 Ancient Greece ; now where solipeds live and fresh subjects are exposed ; 

 Central Europe ; great horse trade and movement ; war, Franco German, 

 Napoleonic, Afghanistan, American Civil War, Boer War. Unknown in 

 Australia. Susceptibility : solipeds, Guinea pig, rabbit, goat, cat, dog, 

 pigeon, sheep, and swine in low condition. Cattle, chickens, white and 

 house mice, linnets, chaffinches, and frog immune. Microbe lives in frog 

 in water at 86° P. Cause : Bacillus mallei. Accessory causes : trade in sol- 

 ipeds, mingling of- sound and sick, crowding, common feeding and drink- 

 ing troughs or buckets and racks, debility, low condition, starvation, over- 

 work, damp, dark, draughty stables, carriage in transports or cars. Insular 

 quarantined lands — Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand exempt. Bac- 

 teriology : Bacillus Mallei ; 2 to 5/i by 0.5 to 1.41", non motile, aerobic grows 

 in ordinary culture media, stains tardily but is easily bleached. Spores un- 

 certain, easily killed by disinfectants, preserved in stables, does not grow in 

 infusion of hay, straw or horse manure, lives 15 to 20 days in water ; infec- 

 tion by coitus, and through placenta, by ingestion, by blood transfusion, 

 through dust ; microbe in all lesions aud discharges (unless sometimes in 

 milk, sperm, etc.). Infection-atria : skin wound, mucosa, hair follicles, 

 lungs. Forms : Acute, chronic, nasal, pulmonary, cutaneous (farcy), or- 

 chitic, arthritic, abdominal, occult. Symptoms : nasal ; incubation, 3 to 5 

 days, languor, weariness, stiffness, horripilation, tremors, inappetence, 

 thirst, hyperthermia, epiphora, snuffling, nasal discharge, serous, viscid, 

 agglutinating, purulent, swollen alee, violet mucosa, elevated spots and 

 patches with central ulceration, may become confluent, aud involve sub^ 

 mucous tissues ; submaxillary lymph glands swollen, nodular, not tender, 

 non-suppurating, swollen (corded) facial lymphatics, from nose, eye or 

 lymph glands ; swellings, cutaneous and lymphatic in skin of limb or body, 

 ulcers (farcy buds), deposits in throat or lungs ; chronic cases ; slow, indo- 

 lent, persistent, nasal discharge — unilateral (or bilateral), viscid or not, 

 nodules on mucosa with whitish centres or points ; red areola, later ulcera- 

 tion, puckered white cicatricial lesions, submaxillary swelling, nodular, 

 large or small, insensible ; cutaneous cases ; arthritis with lymphangitis, 

 skin engorgement, corded lymphatics with ulcerating nodules, sanious dis- 

 charge, intermuscular abscesses. Occult cases : lesions in internal organ ; 

 — cough, leucorrhcea, enlarged testicle, low conditioii, weakness, lack of 

 endurance. Diagnosis : inoculation of male Guinea pig in flank or perito- 

 neum, — ulcer and orchitis, cat, dog, old soliped ; mallein test,— swelling, 

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