Glanders. 275 



in the skin and nasal mucosa, but also in the bronchia, intestines, 

 and other parts. Much time and ink have been wasted in at- 

 tempts to prove that pulmonary lesions are always secondary, and 

 doubtless many are so, but the cases in which the lesions are con- 

 fined to the bronchia or parenchyma, and the many parallel cases 

 of direct infection of the lungs by other diseases (tuberculosis, 

 lung plague, contagious pneumonia, influenza, etc.,) furnish con- 

 clusive enough evidence that the germ may be inhaled and 

 colonize this part first. Cases of inhalation bronchitis, are 

 equally corroborative, and not only may the grosser solids be 

 aspired, but infecting droplets can easily gravitate down when 

 from congestion or inflammation the action of the tracheal and 

 bronchial cilia, is suspended. 



FORMS AND LESIONS OF GLANDERS IN SOLIPEDS. 



Glanders appears in two primary forms — acute and chronic, and 

 each of these is further divided according as the lesions are ex- 

 clusively or mainly seated in one part of the body or another. 

 The generic term glanders is habitually used to designate that 

 form in which the lesions are situated in the nose, the nasal 

 sinuses, and the sub-maxillary lymphatic glands — nasal glanders. 

 When the principal leisions are situated in the lungs and lymph 

 glands of the chest, the case is one of pulmonary glanders. 

 When the skin and subcutaneous lymphatics are more prominently 

 affected it is known as/arcy or cutaneous glanders . When the skin 

 and nose are simultaneously affected the name farcy glanders is 

 sometimes applied. But as the bacillus may enter by very varied 

 channels the primary lesions may appear in still other organs. 

 Thus in stallions the first symptom is often a glanderous orchitis. 

 In other horses it may be a glanderous arthritis, and in still others 

 infected by ingestion it may be an abdominal infection. 



Symptoms of Nasal Glanders in Solipeds. Acute. After an 

 incubation of three to five days the subject shows prostration, 

 weariness, stiffness, erection of the hair, and even tremor or 

 shivering, inappetence, thirst, hyperthermia, rapid pulse, weeping 

 eyes, the discharge becoming purulent, snuffling breathing, and a 

 discharge from the nose, at first serous, with a remarkable vis- 

 cidity which tends to glue together the long hairs or even the 

 margins of the nostrils. This discharge may be reddish, green- 

 ish, or brownish and may become distinctly purulent and opaque. 

 The alcB nasi are swollen, hot and painful, and the mucosa red. 



