Tetanus. 345 



Sheep and Goat. Show the same general rigidity of trunk and 

 limbs, the drawing of the head and neck upward and backward, 

 the elevation of nose and tail and the firm closure of the jaws. 

 As the disease advances they may lie on the side with legs strait- 

 ened and rigid and head and tail raised toward the back. The 

 occlusion of the eye by the haw is the same as in the horse. 



In swine the spasms begin with the jaws and face, and extend 

 to the neck, back and limbs with the same general symptoms as 

 in other animals. Champing of the jaws and profuse frothing at 

 the mouth have been noted and the protrusion of the haw is 

 characteristic. As in sheep, the animal may lie on its side with 

 head and limbs rigid and an early death may be looked for. 

 Convulsions are easily distinguished by their transient character. 



In dogs tetanus is rare. Moller had two cases in 50,000 sick 

 dogs, Friedberger and Frohner but one out of 70,000. Cadiot 

 saw two cases in ten years of the Alfort clinic. I,abat had sevetal 

 cases in sheep dogs. A slight transient trismus has been noticed 

 as common in puppies. When generalized there is stiffness of 

 the trunk and limbs, abduction of the members. The spine may 

 be straight and rigid or drawn upward and backward, and the 

 loins depressed. The haw covers the eye more or less, the lips 

 are rigid, the jaws clenched, and the skin of the forehead 

 wrinkled. The ears are stiff and drawn toward each other, or 

 backward. The reflex excitability is as great, as in the horse, 

 the slightest touch or sudden noise producing violent paroxysms. 

 Inability to bark is a marked feature. Temperature may be 

 normal or up to 107° F. 



In birds it is very rare, in keeping with, the insusceptibility to 

 strychnia, ergot and other tetanizing agents. Dreymann gives 

 one case in a turkey, and Babes' experimental cases in pigeons and 

 chickens from a specially virulent bacillus obtained from the 

 horse. The pigeons suffered much more certainly and severely 

 than the chickens, in which there was a marked power of re- 

 sistance. Dreymann' s turkey moved with stiff limbs and body, 

 had the wings clinging firmly to the body, the head and neck 

 extended and the bill firmly closed. The haw protruded Over the 

 eye, and there was hurried and oppressed breathing. 



Course. Duration. The course of tetanus varies with the 

 genus affected, with the individual susceptibility and above all 



