FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. 



Synonyms. Definition. Susceptible animals : cloven footed, all warm 

 Wooded animals. Historic notes ; Geographical distribution ; English in- 

 vasions in i8th and 19th centuries ; North and South American invasions in 

 1870, 1884, 1902 ; In Asia from immemorial times. Causes : infection in 

 liquid of vesicles, saliva on pastures, roads, feeding and drinking places, 

 halters, etc.; from feet on pastures, buildings, yards, roads, cars, boats, etc.; 

 from teats through milk. Microbe not certainly known, micrococci, 

 streptococci and bacilli found. Virus inert when dried 24 hours at 88° P. ; 

 survived 9 months at 32° F., attack immunizes for 5 months ; injection of i 

 lytaphrand 2 of blood of immune renders refractory ; filtered lymph still 

 virulent ; microbe probably infinitesimal ; accessory causes ; movement, 

 mingling of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., war, trade, common pasturage, in- 

 fected roads, ships, yards, halters, etc. Symptoms : incubation 36 hours to 

 6 days ; slight fever ; redness, tenderness of buccal mucosa and teats, grind- 

 ing teeth, smacking tongue, tender feet, shaking them backward, bullae on 

 mouth and teats, not nodular, nor chambered as in variola, salivation, 

 bloody, circular or irregular raw sores, vesicles and erosions in interdigital 

 space, shedding hoofs, sheep walk on knees, gangrenous mammitis ; in- 

 testinal eruption and diarrhoea in sucklings. Mortality. Prognosis ; re- 

 covery in 15 days, deaths rare if cared for. Losses from destruction of pro- 

 duct and emaciation — occasional abortion. Diagnosis : based on infection 

 of all exposed bisulcates, localization on mouth, teats and feet, inoculability 

 on other warm blooded animals, unchambered vesicles, slight fever, and 

 prompt recovery. Notes of affection in man. Symptoms in man. Preven- 

 tion and treatment in man. Prevention in animals : exclusion of contagion, 

 immediate and mediate ; close infected pastures and roads, stop all move- 

 ment of bisulcates, disinfect all boats, cars, places and things exposed, ex- 

 clude visitors, guarantees with strange animals, quarantine and disinfect 

 arrivals, exclude fresh animal products, fodder and litter, wash, disinfect 

 soiled cloths. Inoculation undesirable. Treatment in animals : cleanliness, 

 dryness, disinfection, segregate sick and t^ell, gaseous antiseptics, liquid 

 ointments. Gruels, mashes, sliced, boiled, or pulped roots. Local dress, 

 ings for mouth, teats and feet. Evulsion of hoof. Mammitis. 



Synonyms. Aphthous fever : Aphtha "Epizootica, Eczema 

 Epizootica. 



Definition. An acute infectious disease of the lower ani- 

 mals but especially of ruminants, characterized by a slight 

 fever and the eruption of vesicles, or bullae on the skin and mu- 

 cosae, and usually those of thfe mouth, feet and teats. 



Susceptible Animals. The animals that prove the most obnox- 

 ious to the disease are the bisulcates — large and small ruminants 



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