360 Veterinary Medicine. 



and swine. Man however is susceptible as are also horses, hogs, 

 cats and fowls, when they are inoculated or fed upon the in- 

 fected milk or other products. It is doubtful if any warm- 

 blooded animal enjoys an immunity. 



History, Geographical Distribution. Toward the middle of the 

 eighteenth century this disease prevailed in Central Europe and 

 England. The latter country stamped out both this and the 

 Rinderpest, but it continued to prevail on the continent and was 

 re-imported into England in 1839. It reached America through 

 an importation from England to Montreal in 1870, but owing to 

 more or less effective quarantine, to the absence of cattle trafi&c 

 from east to west, and above all to the prolonged confinement in 

 yards and stables during our northern winter, it burnt itself out 

 in the course of the year. Another outbreak from an unknown 

 source and through an unknown channel, started probably in 

 June, 1902, near the docks, Chelsea, Mass., was discovered by 

 the authorities on Nov. 14th., and extended through shipments of 

 cattle into Vt., N. H., and R. I. Unlike the invasion of 1870, 

 this began at the terminus of cattle traffic, and failed to gain the 

 alarming extension of the earlier plague, which had in succession 

 swept into Quebec, Ontario, Central and Eastern New York, New 

 Jersey, and every State in New England. I,ike that it broke out 

 in autumn when the seclusion in winter quarters and the absence 

 of birds as infection-bearers counteracted extension. Then in place 

 of trusting to the mere arrest of cattle trafiBc, etc., as in 1 870-1, 

 the invasion of 1902 was met by vigorous slaughter of the affected 

 herds, and indemnification of the owners. In all 4461 animals 

 (cattle, sheep, swine, goats) were killed and the owners reimberr 

 sed to the amount of $128,908.57. The outbreak lasted eleven 

 months, the stockmen having seen cases as early as June, 1902, 

 and the last slaughters having been 3 herds of 59 cattle in May, 

 1903. The two outbreaks were equally virulent, equally conta- 

 gious, and equally free from f atalaties. Each was a fair sample of 

 the disease as constantly seen in Europe. The first was more ex- 

 tended because it first gained a status in Ontario and New York. 

 Had the trend of cattle traffic been westward rather than east- 

 ward, in either case it would have swept the continent with the 

 free headway at first allowed it. 



Several importations at different times have been reported, in 



