Tuberculosis'. 495 



Tuberculosis of the Eye. This has been seen mostly as the re- 

 sult of experimental inoculation, with conjunctival and sclerotic 

 congestion, corneal opacity, and the development of yellowish 

 centres in the iris and choroid, from which the tubercle extends 

 into the chambers. 



Tuberculosis of the Heart, Pericardium or Pleura. Tubercu- 

 losis of the pleura is usually a concomitant of pulmonary phthisis, 

 yet it may exist for a time independently, and its diagnosis pre- 

 sents serious difficulties. There may be tenderness of the inter- 

 costal spaces, a friction sound in case of raw granular surface or 

 vegetations, creaking from false membranes or even flatness 

 low down on percussion. If these escape notice, a short painful 

 cough and slightly hurried breathing under exertion, in the ab- 

 sence of objective symptoms of lung disease, may lead to suspi- 

 cion, but the true nature of the affection must remain in suspense. 

 It usually leads to pulmonary or glandular (bronchial), and 

 finally generalized tuberculosis. 



Pericardial or Cardiac Tuberculosis is usually secondary and 

 may be suspected when friction is synchronous with the heart 

 sounds, when the heart beats or sounds are irregular or intermit- 

 tent, or when the area of cardiac dulness is greatly encreased. 



Tuberculosis of Bones and Joints. This is more common in 

 calves and growing cattle, but may be present at any age. As 

 affecting the vertebrae it causes stiffness and unsteady gait, per- 

 haps what was looked on as a simple sprain causes persistent 

 lameness in spite of treatment, and a point or area of tenderness 

 on pinching is manifest. In the large bones and joints of the 

 limbs, the cancellated extremities, or it may be a simple process 

 with its inserted tendon or ligament, shows a firm, persistent 

 swelling, and there is acute synovitis of the joint. In acute cases 

 in calves the epiphysis may become detached from the diaphysis so 

 as to make the limb useless. In the mature animal the enlarge- 

 ment and lameness may last for years without material change. 

 The condition may be difiicult to diagnose, in the absence of signs 

 of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body, or unless the synovia with- 

 drawn through a sterilized nozzle, with antiseptic precautions, 

 should show the presence of bacilli. 



