Mai de Caderas. 583 



centrosome, situated posteriorly. It multiplies by longitudinal 

 division. The microbe is found in the blood, exudates of the 

 serosse, synovia and urine. 



Accessory Causes. As in surra and nagana the most important 

 is the presence of blood-sucking flies, tabanus, mosquito and 

 the mosca brava (Stomoxys calcitrans) are especially blamed. 

 All blood-sucking parasites are to be dreaded. Conditions favor- 

 able to the encrease of the insect bearers contribute. The 

 vicinity of barns with exposed manure and vegetable rubbish, 

 exposed carcasses of the dead horses and other genera, low damp 

 localities and rainy seasons, abundance of undergrowth, damp 

 soils abounding in organic matter, and a high temperature are to 

 be noted. Calendrini found the greatest fatality in stables sur- 

 rounded by manure and decomposing carcasses, while Voges 

 claims for to-day a lessened mortality in dry, elevated (and pre- 

 sumably cleanly~) stables, as compared with marshy pastures. 



Symptoms. As in surra and nagana there are a series of at- 

 tacks of hyperthermia separated by complete intermissions. The 

 trypanosoma is found in abundance in the blood during the 

 febrile access, and are absent during the non-febrile period. 

 Slight or premonitory symtoms may appear for 7 to 14 days, 

 dulness, sluggishness, hurried breathing under exertion, weak- 

 ness and emaciation in spite of good appetite, generous feeding 

 and ample rest. Hyperthermia advances slowly to 102° to 105° 

 F. and after some days suddenly drops to the normal, to rise 

 again in the same manner after the intermission. 



One of the most constant symptoms is the loss of power of 

 the hind limbs which sway and stagger, the femurs turning in- 

 ward, as if dislocated, and on uneven ground the animal can not 

 walk without falling. When down, he cannot rise without 

 assistance. In the earlier experience of the malady (1835) only 

 8 to 16 per cent, failed to show these paraplegic symptoms, 

 whereas in recent years 50 per cent, or more escape them. In 

 these cases the emaciation alone, goes on gradually encreasing 

 until the patient appears like a living skeleton. Some retain an 

 appearance of liveliness, yet all stand on three limbs, and change 

 from one hind limb to the other every six or eight seconds. 



The retraction of the abdomen is a marked feature, yet Expul- 

 sive contraction is defective, the patient fails to put himself in 



